UbiRoad: “Semantic Middleware for Smart Traffic Management” Vagan Terziyan and Industrial Ontologies Group Resource Agent Resource Agent Resource Agent “Driver” University of Jyväskylä “Vehicle” Jyvaskyla, March 2011 Industrial Ontologies Group

Industrial Ontologies Group University of Jyväskylä IOG Team Kernel University of Jyväskylä Researchers Vagan Terziyan (Head) Olena Kaykova Oleksiy Khriyenko Sergiy Nikitin Michal Nagy Contact Person: Timo Tiihonen e-mails: timo.tiihonen@jyu.fi vagan.terziyan@jyu.fi phone: +358 14 260 2741 Michael Cochez Joonas Kesäniemi Viljo Pilli-Sihvola Jose Luis Garduno URL: http://www.mit.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup

Future Smart Traffic Systems: our expectations Transportation and driving to be more comfortable, efficient, ecological and less risky; seamless mobile information and service provisioning to the users; interoperability between the in-vehicle and roadside devices, databases, systems and services produced and programmed by different vendors and/or providers, and the need for seamless and flexible collaboration (including discovery, coordination, conflict resolution and possibly even negotiation) amongst the infrastructure devices and services.

Interoperability Challenge Future Web applications and Web-based systems will contain heterogeneous components and therefore will demand support for integration, interoperability, collaboration and mutual service provisioning between resources of different types.

Components of a modern system are not only highly heterogeneous but also globally distributed (SOA) … Web of Things Web of Software and Services Web 3.0: Web of Knowledge Web 2.0: Web of Humans SOA X Y F @ Web 1.0: Web of Information Web 4.0: Web of Intelligence

IaaS: Infrastructure- … or some parts of the system may run within huge data centers (Cloud Computing)… Data Center Data Center IaaS: Infrastructure- as-a-Service

… and some parts of the system may be placed into mobile terminals under supervision of various mobile ecosystems…

… also various systems should enable integrating them to a more complex business logic with other systems

…and there should be an easy way to design, use, administrate and reconfigure the system … Administrator System Maintenance Engineer System Architect User

… and the system in many cases should be able to reconfigure and manage itself (i.e. autonomic, proactive, self-managed)…

… and semantics is needed ! Agents are needed ! … and semantics is needed ! Adding a “virtual representative” to every resource solves the global interoperability problem. Intelligent agent (a kind of “software robot”) will act, communicate and collaborate on behalf of each Web resource Semantic connector Semantic communication Semantic SOA business logic

Proactive Self-Managed Semantic Web of Everything GUN Concept (Industrial Ontologies Group) GUN – Global Understanding eNvironment GUN = Global Environment + Global Understanding Proactive Self-Managed Semantic Web of Everything http://www.mit.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/projects.htm http://www.mit.jyu.fi/ai/Industrial_Ontologies_Group_booklet_print.doc

Software-to-Software Global Understanding Environment (GUN) GUN can be considered as a kind of Ubiquitous Eco-System for Ubiquitous Society, which will be such proactive, self-managed evolutionary Semantic Web of Things, People and Abstractions where all kinds of entities can understand, interact, serve, develop and learn from each other. Human-to-Human Human-to-Machine Machine-to-Human Machine-to-Machine Agent-to-Agent Software-to-Human Software-to-Machine Software-to-Software Human-to-Software …

ψ-Projection of GUN-Related Research PS I - projection: S Proactivity (agent technologies, Distributed AI, MAS, …) Semantics (Semantic Web, Semantic Technologies, …) Services (SaaS, SOA, SWS, Cloud Computing, …) Intelligence (machine learning, data mining, knowledge discovery, pattern recognition, NLP, …)

What is Semantic Web ? The Semantic Web is an evolving development of the World Wide Web in which the meaning (semantics) of information and services published on the Web and their inter-relationships are explicitly defined, making it possible for the Web-based software tools, agents, applications and systems to discover, extract and “understand” Web information resources and capabilities and automatically utilize it. Semantic Technologies are designed to standardize and support interoperability and integration of information content and capabilities (services) of Web-based systems and components at local and global scale. As a software technology, semantic technology encodes meanings separately from data and from application code to enable machines to understand, share and reason with them at execution time.

Why Semantic Web? (Ora Lassila) “Semantic Web is about to reach its full potential and it would be too costly for companies not to invest to it…” (Ora Lassila, Nokia Research Center (Boston), IASW-2005, Jyvaskyla)

What is Agent ?

Why Agents ? Growing complexity of computer systems and networks Distributed nature of systems (data, software, users, etc.) Ubiquitous computing, “Internet of Things” scalability challenges Need for self-manageability of a complex system Need for new software development paradigms in designing distributed systems Agent-based approach meets the above challenges

What is Service-Oriented Architecture ? SOA is the practice of sequestering the core business functions into independent services that don’t change frequently. SOA is a tool for software (as a service) integration. Rather than defining an API, SOA defines the interface to remote Web-based services in terms of protocols and functionality. SOA Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a means of designing and building software.  It is a manufacturing model. Software as a Service (SaaS) is a means of receiving software through an external party to your business similar to telephone or power utilities. It is a sales and distribution model. [J Natoli, Intel]

Why Service-Oriented Architecture ? SOA has many advantages: Ability to couple or decouple functionality without impacting other parts of the system and architecture. Processes can be orchestrated in a consistent and clear manner.

Proactive Web-Services: adding an agent to service platform – allows agent-based S2S communication Common ontology Goal-driven behavior Web-Service Service Platform Service Agent

UBIWARE Project – direction towards GUN "Smart Semantic Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing" Due to heterogeneity of provided services and supported components, UBIWARE is based on integration of several technologies: Semantic Web, Distributed Artificial Intelligence and Agent Technologies, Ubiquitous Computing, SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), Web X.0, and related concepts. The research and design on UBIWARE is started by Industrial Ontologies Group within UBIWARE project: “Smart Semantic Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing” (June 2007 – December 2010) funded by Tekes and industrial companies. Project web page: http://www.mit.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/UBIWARE_details.htm UbiRoad is an idea to apply GUN vision and UBIWARE to “Smart Traffic” domain

What is UBIWARE (in short) UBIWARE is a new software technology and a tool to support: design and installation of…, autonomic operation of… and Interoperability among… … complex, heterogeneous, open, dynamic and self-configurable distributed industrial systems;… … and to provide following services for system components: adaptation; automation; centralized or P2P organization; coordination, collaboration, interoperability and negotiation; self-awareness, communication and observation; data and process integration; (semantic) discovery, sharing and reuse. URL: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/UBIWARE_details.htm

Ontology Current UBIWARE Agent Architecture S-APL S-APL – Semantic Agent Programming Language (RDF-based) S-APL – is a hybrid of semantics (metadata / ontologies/ rules) specification languages, semantic reasoners, and agent programming languages. It integrates the semantic description of domain resources with the semantic prescription of the agents' behaviors Ontology http://users.jyu.fi/~akataso/sapl.html

Semantic Adapters for “Cooperative Traffic” Driver Car S-APL OWL Smart Road Universal reusable semantically-configurable adapters

Semantic Behaviors for “Cooperative Traffic” Role “Driver” Role “Car” S-APL OWL Role “Smart Road” Universal reusable semantically-configurable behaviors

Semantic Scenarios for “Cooperative Traffic” “Crossroad # 3” S-APL OWL Scenario “Crossroad # 97” Universal reusable semantically-configurable scenarios for collaborative driving

Resource Maintenance Lifecycle and Semantic History Collection Resource history collection Condition Monitoring States Symptoms Fault detection, alarms Measurement Predictive Measurement Predictive Monitoring Data Warehousing Conditions Warehousing History S-APL Resource Diagnostics Diagnoses Warehousing Predictive Maintenance Predictive Diagnostics Maintenance Plan Warehousing Fault identification, localization Fault isolation Maintenance Planning Maintenance Plan Diagnoses

UBIWARE 3.0 (2009-2010) platform (August 2010) UBIWARE 3.0 supposed to be a platform for creating and executing configurable distributed systems based on generalized and reusable business scenarios, which heterogeneous components (actors) are not predefined but can be selected, replaced and configured in runtime. C C C C C C SmartComments C

UBIWARE Abstract Architecture Applications Internal Knowledge and Capabilities (IK&C) External Knowledge and Capabilities (EK&C) EK&C Components Ontonuts IK&C Components Users and Admins @ SOA Ontology Engine Interfaces (GUI) UBIWARE External World

Traffic & Mobility Ontology (TMO) Vehicles Ontology Drivers Ontology Infrastructure Ontology Data Sources Ontology Logistics Ontology Organizations/Products/Services Ontology Behavioral Ontology Monitoring/Diagnostics/Control/Maintenance Ontology Cooperative Scenarios Ontology Policy Ontology (security, privacy, safety, economic, skills, demands, environmental, operational, institutional, personal, cultural, etc.) OWL TMO UBIWARE-driven

Managing Distributed Data Sources

UBIWARE-Driven Traffic Management Systems’ Integration

Conclusion UbiRoad is an idea of UBIWARE-driven tool for semantic management of content and capabilities relevant to dynamic, proactive, and cooperative resources in the domain of traffic management; The traditional agent technology is extended in UbiRoad by developing tools for semantic declarative programming of the agents, for massive reuse of once generated or designed information, plans and scenarios, for agent coordination support based on explicit awareness of each other’s actions and plans, and for enabling flexible re-configurable architectures for agents and their platforms applied for smart traffic domain; UbiRoad can be also used as a “glue” to connect various existing and future platforms, systems, applications, data sources and services operating in traffic management domain. Contact: Vagan Terziyan ( http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/index.html ) E-mail: vagan@jyu.fi

Terziyan V. , Kaykova O. , Zhovtobryukh D Terziyan V., Kaykova O., Zhovtobryukh D., UbiRoad: Semantic Middleware for Context-Aware Smart Road Environments, In: G.O. Bellot, H. Sasaki, M. Ehmann and C. Dini (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW-2010), May 9-15, 2010, Barcelona, Spain, IEEE CS Press, pp. 295-302. Extended version is to appear as journal paper: Terziyan V., Kaykova O., Zhovtobryukh D., UbiRoad: Semantic Middleware for Cooperative Traffic Systems and Services, In: International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems, Vol. 3, No 34, 2010. (available in: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/papers/IJAIS-2010.pdf )