Synapsids Anapsids Diapsids ? Lepidosaurs Archosaurs Fig 12-3

Birds Saurischian dinos “Lizard-hips” Ornithischian dinos “Bird-hips” Pterosaurs Crocs Who are they? Archosaur relationships Fig 16-2 Other saurischians

Crocodilians Slow, lethargic predators…

Right!

Monitor lizards use gular (throat) pumping Some other lizards just Stand up and run Breathing while running: solutions in lepidosaurs

Crocs ( and dinos?) muscles pulling liver backward and “rocking” pelvic bones

Secondary palate and palatal valve. Function? Adaptations: Tongue salt glands of crocs and gharials Pressure sensors

Nocturnal vision

Reproduction

“Hard pressed evolutionists: All this leaves the poor evolutionist in a difficult situation. Whatever arguments that could be fabricated to support one mode of sex determination disintegrates when one considers the other group. Could this whole sex-in-response-to- temperature thing have been designed by a Creator with a sense of humor? It seems to me this takes far less faith to accept than some yet-to-be-conceived alleged advantage of allowing temperature to determine sex one way in crocodilians and the opposite way in most, but not all turtles. It really is difficult remaining an evolutionist! I know, for I couldn't do so after looking objectively at the facts. Can you? Should you? “ E. Norbert Smith, Ph.D. Temperature Dependent Sex Determination TDS Higher temps = males in croc Higher temps = females in turtles

Beware the False Dichotomy of religion vs evolution How could phylogeny explain the difference between turtles and crocs? Would this predict they would be the same or different??

True flapping flight – but different from any other flier

Pterodactyl diversity

Dinosaurs Lizard –hippedvsBird-Hipped Bird

Birds are from Saurischians!!! Bird

Saurischian and Ornithischian are two alternate solutions to moving hind limb

Ornithischians

Saurischians Herbivorous Sauropods Carnivorous theropods

Archaeopteryx Bird

Note the intermediate condition Of this early bird