The Mexican Revolution Lindsey Chmielewski Erin Cue Rachel Shipps

Mexican Revolution Chronology Aftermath - Constitution of 1917 “Viva Zapata!”

Pre Revolution ( ) Lost presidential election, revolted & seized power. Maderno candidacy & arrest July 8, Díaz is reelected Oct, Plan de San Luis Potosí Nov. 20, 1910 Díaz

First Phase ( ) May 25, Díaz resigns Oct, Madero is elected president Madero Nov, Plan de Ayala Zapata

Second Phase ( ) Ten Tragic Days (Feb 9-18) Rebellion of Bernardo Reyes, Felix Díaz Feb Madero names Huerta commander of Plaza de Armas Feb Huerta betrays Madero Feb. - Anti-Huerta organizing Huerta

Third Phase (July ) July Huerta resigns Aug Carranza enters Mexico City & assumes executive power Sept Villa declares war on Carranza Oct. - Conventions Oct 12 - Nov 12 - Convention of Aguascalientes Carranza

Third Phase (July ) Carranza claims Veracruz as capital Nov Villa & Zapata occupy Mexico City Carranza government is recognized by US Jan Villa executes 15 Americans in assault in San Isabel Villa raids Columbus, NM & kills 19 Americans Villa

Third Phase (July ) March 15 - Pershing Punitive Expedition Jan. 27, Withdrawal of Expedition Jan Mexican Constitution March 11 - Carranza elected president April 10, Zapata is assassinated Pershing

Fourth Phase (1920) June 1 - Obregón declares candidacy April 2 - Carranza calls Obregón to Mexico City April 20 - Obregón declares rebellion against Carranza May 21 - Carranza is assassinated Sept. 5 - Obregón elected president July 20, Villa is assassinated Obregón

Constitutional Congress--Querétaro Members of Congress had many revolutionary political and social ideas Their views ranged from moderate to very radical. The Constitution of 1917 was more radical than Carranza’s initial proposals. Signed Jan 31, 1917 and published Feb 5. The Constitution of Jorge González Camarena

Constitution of 1917 First Revolutionary Constitution Attempted to limit the power of the Catholic Church, foreign and national estate owners, and industrialists Contained many articles that would go on to shape labor laws, but was not anti-capitalist Established ejidos--communal land holdings

Individual Guarantees Article 3 Primary education is obligatory and free. Separation of religion and education so as to guarantee religious freedom.

Article 27--Land Ownership of land and waters belongs primarily to the nation Transfer of direct control and privatization of property is subject to public interest. Authorized the expropriation of large estates. Subsoil rights are the exclusive domain of the nation (i.e. oil, mining) Specified conditions for foreign ownership of land Excluded the Church from owning property.

Article 123--Labor and Social Security  Right to organize in trade unions granted as a social guarantee (first inclusion of such a law in the constitution of any country).  Right to strike.  Limits work hours, established a day of rest per week  Equal pay for equal work, compensation for work-related injuries, and hygienic working conditions  Sets limitations on work for women and children

REALITY under the new Constitution Following Obregón’s election (1920), state building begins Much of the promised change found in the Constitution is not implemented Revolutionary banditry becomes a more direct way to “take from the rich, give to the poor” without the government bureaucracy

“Viva Zapata!” (1952) Directed by Elia Kazan; screenplay by John Steinbeck; starring Marlon Brando and Anthony Quinn (best supporting actor) Unique among American movies set at the time of the Revolution; most used the conflict as backdrop for Westerns Mainly true to the events of Zapata’s life, and placed appropriate emphasis on land as his priority Governmental turmoil, open-ended warfare and disillusionment represented Storyline romanticized

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