Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules made up of repeated units of smaller molecules called monomers

HH H H C Structural formulaBall-and-stick model Space-filling model Models of Methane

Carbohydrates Sugars Monomer =(CH 2 O)n Monosaccharides:Glucose Oligosaccharides: Sucrose Polysaccharides: Cellulose Energy storage and structure

glucose fructose sucrose + H 2 O

Cellulose chains Starch chain

cellulose amylose (a starch) glycogen

Lipids Fats and oils Monomer = CH 2 Fats 1,2 or 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol Sterols- Cholesterol, Steroids Waxes- Beeswax Used for waterproofing, insulation and cell membranes

Figure 2.21c Page 29

stearic acid oleic acid linolenic acid

three fatty-acid tails glycerol triglyceride + 3H 2 0

hydrophobic tails hydrophilic head

two hydrophobic tails hydrophilic head cell membrane section one layer of lipids one layer of lipids

Sterol backbone Cholesterol

Proteins Monomer= Amino Acid Enzymes- Catalyze metabolic reactions Transport proteins- move things across membranes Structural proteins-keep the structure of cells

Amino group (basic) Carboxyl group (acidic) R group (20 kinds with distinct properties)

alanine (ala) valine (val) tryptophan (trp) methionine (met) proline (pro)

Linear primary structure one peptide group

Tertiary structure Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

heme group helically coiled globin molecule alpha chain beta chainalpha chain beta chain

Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotide –ATP is a Nucleotide Molecules of inheritance: hold the code for how to make proteins Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid- DNA Ribose Nucleic Acid- RNA

nitrogen- containing base Ball-and-stick model of ATP 3 phosphate groups sugar

Adenine (a base) Thymine GuanineCytosine phosphate group sugar (deoxyribose)

Single strand of DNA or RNA sugar phosphate connected by covalent bond base

hydrogen bonding between bases covalent bonding in carbon backbone

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