Fundamental Difference between Urban People Movement and Urban Goods Movement People Movement Largely single origin-destination Urban Goods Movement Largely “tours” consisting of many linked and usually clustered customer trips covering a day’s work. To/From Cluster & Between Customers. Customer often specifies time window for service People Movement Largely single origin-destination Urban Goods Movement Largely “tours” consisting of many linked and usually clustered customer trips covering a day’s work. To/From Cluster & Between Customers. Customer often specifies time window for service Warehouse Customers

Objective of Pilot Test Characterize Manhattan Goods Movement Congestion By Time-of-Day (ToD) – Key aspect is “expected travel time” by location by ToD – Use normalized concept of “Average Speed” by Activity: Access to/from Manhattan Travel between customers in Manhattan – Receivers tend to be “buyers” of the goods They substantially influence when the goods are delivered Implication: – Value pricing should be focused on the Receiver!! Place incentives on Receivers for off-peak receipts of goods! Place dis-incentives on Receivers for peak hour receipt of goods!

Quantifying ToD and Spatial Congestion Method: – Focused on using GPS to objectively measure the performance of the of the urban freight system – Gather frequent (~ every 5 seconds) GPS “Breadcrumb” data: ID, Position, Velocity, Date, Time – Analytically segregate customer stop activity from movement activity Must be done accurately: – Congestion can look like a customer stop – A customer stop can look like congestion

GPS Data System Zinc II WinMobile SmartPhone w T*Mobile cellular data com running CoPilot Live satNav software – Live updates every 5 seconds on web Easy data availability to research team, shipper and receiver – Backup data archived every second on SmartPhone – Ability to send stop list and messages to driver – Relatively inexpensive $300 hardware, $50 software, $40/month short term data plan

GPS Challenges in NY Met Area Worst “urban canyon” in US – Position can drift substantially (to parallel street) Severe congestion can look like drift – GPS is least accurate in speed and heading at low speeds No GPS in Tunnels Substantial scatter and noise in both position, speed and heading in: – GWB, especially lower level, – Under elevated transit and expressways

Preliminary Results from Two Carrier Baldor Specialty Foods New Deal Logistics (NDL)

Pilot Test: Remote Sensing of Off-Peak Deliveries: Baldor Specialty Preliminary Results 5 Trucks from Nov 1 through Dec 2, 2009 Alain L. Kornhauser Dec 4, 2009

Baldor Total (5 trucks) Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded Baldor Total (5 trucks) Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded <7mph >45 <7mph >45

<7mph >45 <7mph >45 Baldor Truck #1120 Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded Baldor Truck #1120 Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded

Baldor Truck #1120 Tour on 11/19/09 2:21:05 to 12:6:43 Segment Color-coded Baldor Truck #1120 Tour on 11/19/09 2:21:05 to 12:6:43 Segment Color-coded

Baldor Truck #1120 Tour on 11/19/09 2:21:05 to 12:6:43 Speed Color-coded Average Speed 8.5 mph Baldor Truck #1120 Tour on 11/19/09 2:21:05 to 12:6:43 Speed Color-coded Average Speed 8.5 mph <7mph >45 <7mph >45

Baldor (5 Trucks) Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded Baldor (5 Trucks) Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded <7mph >45 <7mph >45 1 st & last trip segment fr/to Hunts Point Connecticut: 33.4 mph Long Island: 13.6 mph New Jersey:24.2 mph Manhattan :13.6 mph 1 st & last trip segment fr/to Hunts Point Connecticut: 33.4 mph Long Island: 13.6 mph New Jersey:24.2 mph Manhattan :13.6 mph

Baldor Truck #931 Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded Baldor Truck #931 Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded <7mph >45 <7mph >45

<7mph >45 <7mph >45 Baldor Truck #1040 Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded Baldor Truck #1040 Nov 1 to Dec 2, 2009 Speed Color-coded

Pilot Test: Remote Sensing of Off-Peak Deliveries: New Deal Logistics Preliminary Results Initial use of 4 CoPilot | Live SmartPhones from Oct 2 through Oct 14, 2009 Alain L. Kornhauser Oct 19, 2009

NDL Total ; Speed Color-coded <7mph >45 <7mph >45

NDL2; Speed: <7mph >45 <7mph >45

NDL2; Speed: <7mph >45 <7mph >45

NDL2; Speed: <7mph >45 <7mph >45

NDL1; Speed:

NDL2; P&D Stops:

NDL2; Speed:

NDL2; P&D Stops: Kings Plaza

Tour Stop Segments Lincoln 8AM Oct 5, 2009

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /05/098:10:169:30: eod <7mph >45 <7mph >45

Tour Stop Segments – Lincoln 8AM Oct 2, 2009

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /02/097:56:278:42: <7mph >45 <7mph >45

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL143810/02/099:00:169:03: eod <7mph >45 <7mph >45

Tour Stop Segments – Lincoln 8AM - Wall St Oct 7, 2009

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /07/098:17:018:53: <7mph >45 <7mph >45

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /07/099:04:559:36: eod <7mph >45 <7mph >45

Tour Stop Segments – Lincoln 8PM Oct 7, 2009

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /14/0920:15:1021:13:

Tour Stop Segments – Lincoln 5pm Oct 13, 2009

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /13/0917:53:4519:25: eod

Tour Stop Segments – GWB – 7AM Oct 2, 2009

Device IDTrip #GPS Points # Date (m/d/yr) Start Time (h:m:s) End Time (h:m:s) Dist. (Miles) Av. Speed (MPH) Stop Duration (Hrs) NDL /02/096:53:228:05:

Average Stop–Stop Speeds (MPH) by Time-of- Day for Major Tour Segments Preliminary results from Pilot Test (Oct 2- Oct 14, 2009) Tour Stop Segment Type AM Peak (6am -9am) MidDay (9am - 3pm) PM Peak (3pm -7pm) Overnight (7pm – 6am) Jersey Depot – 1 st Stop in Manhattan 11.8NA Intra- Manhattan stop Stops Btwn Outer Boroughs NA NA Jersey Depot – Outer Boroughs NA Intra NJ Stops NA