Atmospheric Electricity. Dalibard’s Experiment The Earth’s Electric Field.

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Presentation transcript:

Atmospheric Electricity

Dalibard’s Experiment

The Earth’s Electric Field

The “Carnegie” Curve: measurements of the Earth’s Electric Field Thunderstorm Frequency

Charging Mechanisms Induction –Result is a polarized hydrometeor Ion particle charging Particle-particle charging E

Charging by induction Initially neutral Introduce a charge, creating an electric field E

Charging by induction Contact charging - + E

Selective Ion Capture E

Gravity plays a role in differential charge separation Negative charge transfer to larger particles, which then fall to lower levels in the cloud.

The Earth’s Electric Field

Storm Electrification Is NOT well understood There is more than one parameter –Buoyancy –Hydrometeor type –Conductivity Even within the same storm Role of charge separation

Corona or Point Discharge The presence of some sort of conductive point Disruption of the Electric Field Electron Avalanche (non-ohmic)

Corona (point discharge)

Lightning Types Frequency of occurrence

The Electrification of thunderstorms is related to thermodynamics

Different slopes for different storms

Why the slopes may differ

Flash rate is greatest when storm intensity is greatest

Cloud Physics and electrification

Hail and ground strokes

Field Mill