SPUTNIK

What Did Sputnik Do?

Race to the Moon

Complacency Is Not Justified Warnings were sounded: April, 1983 – A Nation At Risk

PISA 2006 Math Rankings By Country

Facts About My Beloved State One in four students drops out and does not complete high school.

CA 48th 4th grade reading CA 47rd 4th grade math CA 43rd 4th grade science (of 44 states) CA 48th 8th grade reading CA 45th 8th grade math CA 42nd 8th grade science (of 44 states)

More Facts About California

Some Personal Beliefs A convergence of events & technologies has allowed economic competition to become global An education “surplus” in one part of the world can now satisfy education “deficits” elsewhere We must move up the value chain Education is the key

From RAGS to ACI to Riches?

U.S. Innovation 2005: Is There a Crisis? Evidence and Counterarguments

Charge to the Committee Senators Alexander and Bingaman with endorsement by House Science committee requested National Academies to: Identify top actions federal policy makers could take so US can successfully compete, prosper, and be secure in the 21st Century Determine an implementation strategy with several concrete steps

Committee Norman Augustine (chair) Craig Barrett Gail Cassell Steven Chu Robert Gates Nancy Grasmick Charles Holliday Shirley Ann Jackson Anita Jones Joshua Lederberg Richard Levin Dan Mote Cherry Murray Peter O’Donnell Lee Raymond Robert Richardson Roy Vagelos Charles Vest George Whitesides Richard Zare

Method Review of literature, past reports, and suggestions led to 150 ideas Focus groups of experts discussed ideas and identified top 3-4 ideas in K-12 education, higher education, research, innovation and workforce, and homeland/national security Committee meeting and conference calls Additional expert consultations More than 40 anonymous reviewers

Two Key Challenges Creation of High-Quality Jobs for Americans Responding to Nation’s Need for Clean, Affordable, and Reliable Energy

Four Recommendations 20 Implementation Actions

Ten Thousand Teachers, Ten Million Minds Recruit 10,000 teachers, Educate 10 million minds: Strengthen 250,000 current teachers’ skills: Enlarge the Pipeline:

Sowing the Seeds Increase federal investment in long-term basic research Provide early-career researcher grants Institute National Coordination Office for Research Infrastructure Catalyze high-risk, high-payoff research Institute Presidential Innovation Awards

ARPA-E Focus on creative out-of-the-box transformational energy research that industry by itself cannot or will not support High risk, but potentially dramatic benefits to nation Accelerate current research knowledge transformation process to create jobs and address environmental, energy, and security issues

Best and Brightest Increase US citizens earning science, engineering, and math degrees: Encourage continuing education of current scientists and engineers: International students and scholars Reform "deemed exports" policy:

Incentives for Innovation Enhance IP protection for global economy, while allowing research Increase Research & Experimentation tax credit from 20 to 40% of qualifying increase Provide financial incentives so US is competitive for long-term innovation-related investment Affordable broadband access

For more information PDF of full report is available at

Parable of the Boiled Frog

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The National Science Foundation Act of 2002 authorized a doubling of the NSF budget over 5 years, to a total of almost $10 billion by FY 2007.

Chairman Bart Gordon speaks about the importance of Science and Technology and in particular, establishing ARPA-E, in meeting America’s growing energy needs. Ways and Means Chairman Charlie Rangel, Natural Resources Chairman Nick Rahall, Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer listen on.

Actions Taken -- “Rising Above the Gathering Storm ”testimony given by Norman R. Augustine, Chair of study to the Science Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, October 20, Mentioned in President Bush’s 2006 State of the Union Address -- America COMPETES authorization Act signed into law August 9,

Partial Summary of America COMPETES Act Increase Research Investment by: Doubling funding for the National Science Foundation (NSF) from approximately $5.6 billion in Fiscal Year 2006 to $11.2 billion in Fiscal Year Setting the Department of Energy’s Office of Science on track to double in funding over ten years, increasing from $3.6 billion in Fiscal Year 2006 to over $5.2 billion in Fiscal Year Establishing the Innovation Acceleration Research Program to direct federal agencies funding research in science and technology to set as a goal dedicating approximately 8% of their Research and Development (R&D) budgets toward high-risk frontier research.

Partial Summary of America COMPETES Act Strengthen Educational Opportunities in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Critical Foreign Languages by: Authorizing competitive grants to States to promote better alignment of elementary and secondary education with the knowledge and skills needed for success in postsecondary education, the 21st century workforce, and the Armed Forces, and grants to support the establishment or improvement of statewide P-16 education longitudinal data systems. Strengthening the skills of thousands of math and science teachers by establishing training and education programs at summer institutes hosted at the National Laboratories and by increasing support for the Teacher Institutes for the 21 st Century program at NSF. Expanding the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program at NSF to recruit and train individuals to become math and science teachers in high- need local educational agencies.

Overall Federal spending in research has not kept up with inflation since 2004

“The future of China’s science and technology depends fundamentally on how we attract, train, and use young scientific talents today. Thus, at the core of our science and technology policy is attracting a diverse range of talents, especially young people, into science and providing them with an environment that brings out the best of their creative ideas.” Wen Jiabiao, Premier, People’s Republic of China SCIENCE VOL OCTOBER 2008

Personal Remarks, Hopefully, In the Spirit of This Report No more critical or opportune a time exists to invest in research and education.

Science is Not a Zero Sum Game

Conclusion The world is changing. We need to take action to renew our nation’s commitment in education research innovation policies so our nation’s children have worthwhile jobs.

What Does It Cost? Low = Less than $500 million Medium = Between $500 million and $5 billion (about NSF’s current budget) High = Greater than $5 billion