MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 1 MICE: challenges, organization, global funding situation.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 2 Why MICE? Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->), the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration. International workshops: NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France) NUFACT 00 (Montery, California) NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan) NUFACT 02 (London, UK) NUFACT 03 (Columbia,NY,USA) NUFACT 04 (Osaka, Japan) NUFACT 05 (Frascati,Italy)  Neutrino Factory is the ultimate tool for study of Neutrino Oscillations -- unique source of high energy e --reach/sensitivity better by order(s) of magnitude wrt other techniques (e.g. super-beams) for    ** matter effects ** *** leptonic CP violation *** **** e   and   **** NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient in the leading explanations for the mystery of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe    e + e   _

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 3 ~NOvA +PD

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 4 Particle physicist: Q: Can a Neutrino Factory be built? Accelerator physisicst: A: YES! (US Study II, CERN) but… it is expensive, and many ingredients have never been demonstrated!  R&D is needed. (est. 5yrs) to 1.ascertain performance 2.reduce costs among critical items: ***Target*** *** COOLING *** Cooling component development programme MUCOOL collabration (US-Japan-UK) *** Acceleration ***

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 5 IONIZATION COOLING principle: this will surely work..! Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision. Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle A delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam) Can it be built? What performance can one get? state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology. reality (simplified) ….maybe…

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 6  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2 Cherenkov Calorimeter RF cavities 1RF cavities 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils 2Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as  out /  in ) = never done before either…

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 7 201MHz RF cavity with beryllium windows Liquid-hydrogen absorbers Scintillating-fiber tracker Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment Status: Approved at RAL(UK) First beam: Funded in: UK,CH,JP,NL,US Further requests: CH,It,JP,UK Single-  beam ~200 MeV/c 4T spectrometer I 4T spectrometer II TOF Cooling cell (~10%)  =5-45cm, liquid H 2, RF Final PID: TOF Cherenkov Calorimeter Aims: demonstrate feasibility and performance of a section of cooling channel Main challenges: RF in magnetic field! meas. of emittance Safety issues Some prototyping:

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 8 Challenges of MICE: (these things have never been done before) 1. Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (201 MHz) at high gradient (16 MV/m) in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1-3 T) dark currents (can heat up LH 2 ), breakdowns 2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH 2 in vicinity of RF cavities) 3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of in environment of RF bkg requires low mass and precise tracker low multiple scattering redundancy to fight dark-current-induced background excellent immunity to RF noise complete set of PID detectors And… 4. Obtaining funding for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in the plans of a major lab

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel will be a time of major decisions in particle physics LHC will be completed first results will appear ILC  first results from T2K double-CHOOZ other reactor expts. might be available. It will be time for the next step in neutrino physics! It will be important that practical feasibility of ionization cooling be demonstrated. TARGET DATE: 2010 Barry Barish, CERN SPC sept05

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 10 encouraging signs from CERN… (fixed target committee)

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 11 SPC CERN’s Scientific Policy Committee

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 12 From RAL: Letter to Ken Long (spokesperson of UKNF Collaboration) to initiate the ‘scoping study’

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 13 NUFACT NUFACT01 7:00 am Sept November 2001 January 2002 June 2002 January 2003 July 2003 October 2003 December 2003 June December 2004 March 2005 April 2005 Re-activated the recognized need for muon cooling expt Workshops on Muon Cooling Experiment (CERN, Chicago, London) Steering group formed Workshop at CERN where final experiment took shape. Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RAL PSI cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid) RAL IPRP Review Panel encouraged submission of a proposal Proposal submitted Recommendation by International Peer Review Panel ‘Scientific approval’ letter by RAL CEO John Wood Project Manager appointed (P. Drumm, RAL) RAL CM: collaboration charter approved Gateway 1 review Gateway 1 passed on ‘amber’ Gateway 2/3 passed 10 green + 4 amber (MICE PHASE I) Release of UK phase I funding approved by PPARC and CCLRC 9.7 M£ US Neutrino Factory and Muon collider collaboration proposes a 5-year plan to fund MICE MICE is an international effort from the start.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 14  - STEP I: April 2007 STEP II: October 2007 STEP III: 2008 STEP IV: 2008 STEP V 2008? STEP VI aim: 2009 implementation in steps physics-based: understanding of systematics PHASE I PHASE II

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 15 The complete cell of the study II cooling channel is composed of two RF coupling-coil modules with an absorber-focus pair module in the middle This corresponds to step VI. Although ionization cooling could already be observed in step V, several aspects of the system such as -- flip between two modules, longitudinal emittance growth would not be covered fully. The complete MICE project extends to step VI.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 16 The MICE collaboration

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 17 Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium University of Sofia, Bulgaria INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy (*) KEK, Osaka University, Japan NIKHEF, The Netherlands CERN Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland Brunel University, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield UK Argonne National Laboratory. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA (*) Larger participation from INFN is possible INFN Pavia, Bari, Padova are close too to the INFN detector/DAQ effort for MICE INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati did and will work in the accelerator physics of MICE INFN Genova has designed with Ansaldo the two tracker solenoid magnets THE MICE COLLABORATION 140 collaborators

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 18 The specificities of MICE: MICE is a collaboration of accelerator physicists and particle physics experimenters MICE is international Hardware responsibilities: collaborators pay for what they provide. There exist collaborations for specific items: ex: Tracker is a collaboration between UK, US, Japan absorbers are a US-Japan collaboration There are no collaboration-wide shared expenses as could be found in large experimental collaborations and there is no common ‘bank’. There will be a common fund but we have not enforced it yet. A few MOU’s have already been signed -- RF sources from Berkeley -- PSI solenoid The software, analysis etc… are freely shared items.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 19 Internal MICE Organization MICE charter was voted in Collaboration board 1 rep/institute elects spokesperson reviews EB activity votes on decisions prepared by EB chair: Dan Kaplan (IIT) Executive Board 12 spokesperson(A.B, UniGe) deputy Project manager software coord. analysis coord. 2 reps from UK,US,EU,JP manages collaboration life nominates personels prepares decisions for CB Technical Board 12 Project manager: Paul Drumm management of the project reports to EB +spokesperson +deputy +software coord. +level 2 WBS coordinators enforces design and safety reviews change control documents exp.design Editorial board Speakers bureau Analysis forum controls quality of publications proposes publication policy solicits talks at conferences and proposes speakers discusses how to achieve the physics goals of the experiment numbers of meetings per year 3 ~ collaboration meetings/yr 1 video conf/month

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 20 The MICE partners: I. UK MICE-UK (Spokesperson Ken Long, ICL, project manager Paul Drumm, RAL) is composed of the following institutions CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory University groups: Brunel, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Imperial College London, Liverpool, Oxford,Sheffield The UK groups have been extremely successful at promoting the Neutrino Factory in the UK. (NUFACT02, UKNF collaboration, etc…) They obtained a grant of 9.7 M£ from OST, PPARC, CCLRC. Contributions Host experiment, provide project management (Paul Drumm, RAL) for phase I: Infrastructure: target, beam line, experimental hall, supports, controls, control room, etc… R&D to assemble RF power sources R&D towards liquid hydrogen, windows, infrastructure and storage system Tracker (in collaboration with US and Japan) for phase II: Focus coils and absorber module assembly Completion of RF sources and liquid hydrogen system and remaining infrastructure

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 21 The MICE partners: I. UK MICE UK has been fully funded for phase I: 9.7M£ OST + PPARC + CCLRC Funding request for phase II (GW2/3 est. 3.3 M£) will need to be placed in Additional project envisaged: construction of one prototype RF cavity in collaboration between industrial partners CCLRC and university groups. Independent funding opportunity exists.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 22 The MICE partners: II. US US: The Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration founded in 1998 spokespersons: S. Geer, R.B.Palmer Project Manager: Mike Zisman (also deputy spokesperson of MICE) partners: BNL, Fermilab, LBNL + university groups. NFMCC has pioneered the concept of MICE and developped, through the MUCOOL program, the critical components. The MICE cooling cell is that of ‘study II’ with engineering improvements The critical remaining R&D consists in tests of 201 MHz RF cavity in magnetic fields to understand whether the needed RF fields can be reached or what needs to be done to reach them. RF cavity n0 1 is built and arrived at FNAL early september 05, for testing. Initially the tests can be done in the stray field of another magnet, but the real magnet (‘coupling coil’) will be needed for a definitive test.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 23 The MICE partners: II. US (Ctd) The NFMCC is funded at the level of 3.6 M$/ year by DOE in addition it received for MICE specifically: -- an NSF grant of 100k$ a year for the first three years -- an MRI grant of 750k$ from NSF The NFMCC DOE funding has to cover -- the personnel for studies, engineering and tests -- travel and other consummables -- the hardware construction for MUCOOL, MICE and the recently approved target experiment at CERN ( nTOF11 a.k.a. MERIT) The NFMCC collaboration has decided to allocate a significant portion of its funding to MICE

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 24 The collaboration has proposed the following budget for MICE and MUCOOL: This, with the NSF contribution of k$, has to cover the following hardware contributions to MICE – 2 spectrometer solenoids – 2 RFCC modules (1 for step 5, 2 for step 6) – 1 Cherenkov detector (upstream) – a portion of tracker detector (electronics) – 6 absorber windows (plus spares) Hardware cost of these items for step 5 is 4M$, for step 6 is 5.5M$ However: the funding profile pushes step 3 to oct and delays MUCOOL Step 5 is pushed to late Means need to be found to advance the funding profile. The MICE partners: II. US (Ctd)

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 25 Osaka University KEK Responsibilities in MICE Liquid H2 absorbers (R&D and MICE absorbers) Fiber tracker (R&D, fibers) hosted the fiber tracker beam test. funding: Japan-US collaboration (100k$ per year) A grant request for future neutrino beams is being prepared (together with HyperKamiokande R&D) for phase II about 1 OkuYens (~1M$) to be submitted in november The Japanese team are strong collaborators in MUCOOL and MICE. The MICE partners: III. Japan

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 26 The MICE partners: IV. Switzerland PSI: PSI provides a (used) beam solenoid. The cost of a new one would be estimated at ~3MCHF. The solenoid has been prepared and is ready to leave PSI. Cryogenics to be provided by RAL (UK phase I) Geneva University: dedicated funding request was refused in Rolling grant is approved  ~80 kCHF/Yr for hardware and consummables funding for 1 PhD student and one postdoc is granted. Responsibility: data acquisition, trigger. There is a possibility that a coupling coil could be built in Switzerland; a bid is being prepared for 1MCHF/3 years. If successful this would bring the MUCOOL or MICE coupling coil earlier in time. Bulgarian collaboration: Swiss National Foundation has granted a Institutional Partnership and Joint Research Project with Sofia University. Several Bulgarian researchers. Will contribute to TOF and trigger.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 27 The MICE partners: V. Italy-INFN Initially a large group of experimenters from the HARP collaboration + an accelerator group from Frascati + an engineering group from Genoa Contributed substantially to the design of spectrometer solenoids. R&D and design work for the time of flight and calorimeter was carried out. Bid was submitted in July 2005 for detectors (Time-of-Flight and calorimeter) for about 1M€. (Decision this week) This is the main missing component of phase I. Hope is that this first step will be followed by further participation from accelerator physicists in Italy. (Frascati)

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 28 The MICE partners: VI. NL-NIKHEF Amsterdam, Nijmegen will contribute the magnetic sensors to the experiment. + 1 PhD student. The MICE partners: VII. Belgium-Louvain Proof. G. Gregoire has participated actively in MICE and performed the design of the downstream Cherenkov. (value 250 k€, the phototubes would be donated by the Trieste group from the CHOOZ experiment) GG has now retired and it is not clear that the group will be able to continue.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 29 The MICE partners: VIII. CERN The CERN working group contributed greately to the present concept of MICE Following budget cuts end 2001 the contribution of CERN was reduced to the following CERN has earmarked used RF material able to assemble 2RF power sources providing 2MW each (this is enough to power one of the RF modules). This will remain the property of CERN. A request has been placed to the CERN AB-head for refurbishing this equipement (cost: 170 kCHF) MICE is CERN recognized experiment RE11.

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 30 at this point MICE (PhaseI) is an approved and funded project in 5 countries -- UK: 9.7M£ -- USA: funding from the NFMCC (DOE baseline scenario 4.125M$) +RF source + NSF grant 300k$ + MRI grant 750k$. -- Japan: US-Japan ~$100k/yr, UK-Japan (travel funds) (+ 1M$ requested) -- Switzerland: PSI solenoid + Uni-Geneva-NSwissF (80KCHF/yr)+ 1 PDA+1PhDS +CERN RF. -- Netherlands: Mag probes (in production!) + 1 PhDS + Proposal submitted in Italy (TOF, Calorimeter) Summary:

MICE Funding agency committee meeting Alain Blondel 31 Conclusions 1.The MICE experiment is scientifically approved and recognized internationally it has structure, charter, project management. 2. The collaboration is making excellent progress in all fronts: simulations R&D engineering prototyping construction  See Paul Drumm’s presentation 3. The funding for phase I is largely there and will be essentially complete if the INFN bid succeeds-- only Cherenkov II would remain a question. 4. The funding for phase II is being prepared. We have a baseline solution for MICE up to step V but it will be late. Work is needed to assure that step VI can be performed in good time for the decision making-year We will welcome the FAC committee’s help to achieve this important goal!