Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Course: Required Textbook: Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals, IDEA 2004 Update Edition by Marilyn Friend Why you need this textbook: You will be tested from this book Reading Assignments Homework Assignments Quizzes

Understanding Special Education Chapter 1 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Special Education Defined Specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents, to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability, including – Instruction conducted in the classroom, home, hospitals and institutions, and other settings Instruction in physical education

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Related Services Physical and occupational therapy Speech-language pathology services Psychological services Transportation

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Supplementary Aids and Services Aids, services, and other supports provided in regular education classes or other settings Allow children with disabilities to be educated with their nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Disability Litigation Begins Extended the right to special education to children of all disabilities 1972 Mills v. Board of Education Tests used for eligibility for special education must be non- discriminatory 1972 Larry P. v. Riles Guaranteed special education for children with mental retardation 1972 PARC Basis for future rulings that children with disabilities cannot be excluded from school 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ImportanceDateCase

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Federal Special Education Laws Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1974 – Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) 1975 – EAHCA amended as P.L , Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA)

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Refinements to EHA Amendments in 1986, 1990, 1997 and 2004 resulted in – Services to infants and young children New name – IDEA Autism and traumatic brain injury added Parent participation increased Increased consistency with other federal education laws Paperwork reduced Options added for identifying students with learning disabilities

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Accomplishments and Disappointments Development of inclusive practices Overrepresentation of some ethnic groups Continued improvement needed

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Core Principles of IDEA Zero Reject Free Appropriate Public Education Least Restrictive Environment Nondiscriminatory Evaluation Procedural Safeguards Parent and Family Rights

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Other Legislation Related to Special Education Section 504 – Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Civil rights for all people with disabilities Prohibits discrimination based on disability in all programs which receive federal funds Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Extends protections to both public and private sectors, regardless of federal funding

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Who Receives Special Education? Visual impairment Traumatic brain injuryOther health impairments Specific learning disability Speech or language impairment Orthopedic impairmentMultiple disabilities Mental retardationHearing impaired Emotional disturbanceDeafness Deaf-blindnessAutism Visual impairment Traumatic brain injuryOther health impairments Specific learning disability Speech or language impairment Orthopedic impairmentMultiple disabilities Mental retardationHearing impaired Emotional disturbanceDeafness Deaf-blindnessAutism

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Prevalence

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Students Not Served by IDEA Gifted and talented Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (may be served under other health impaired) At risk for school failure

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Recommended Practices Inclusion Accountable and Accessible Instruction Positive Behavior Supports Collaboration

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Barriers to Parent Participation Time Language Transportation

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Encouraging Parent Participation Use family-centered practices. Respect the uniqueness of families. Recognize that families have different understandings of their child’s disability. Match your strategies and resources to family needs.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Accountability for results Flexibility related to budgetary matters Options for parents and children Proven teaching methods

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 Discipline Issues Can students with disabilities be held to the same standards of discipline as other students? Have disciplinary procedures been used as tools to discriminate against students with disabilities?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 The Cost of Special Education Increasing numbers of students with disabilities = increasing costs Federal funding has never exceeded 14% of the additional cost of educating students with disabilities Results: Make eligibility more restrictive Eroding support for special education programs