Understanding and Producing Written English Correcting Errors Expository Writing Getting Started Reasoning

Revision of Assignment Deadlines Narrative Essays at end of week 11 Narrative Essays at end of week 11 Expository Essay Expository Essay Outline only Outline only Hand in full essay next semester Hand in full essay next semester Revision of weighting Revision of weighting Narrative 20% Narrative 20% Expository Outline 10% Expository Outline 10%

Language Clinic On-line booking service On-line booking service e_clinic/ e_clinic/ e_clinic/ e_clinic/ Uses of clinic Uses of clinic Not a editing service Not a editing service Help YOU to learn how to proofread and edit better Help YOU to learn how to proofread and edit better Introduce strategies for improvement Introduce strategies for improvement

Correcting your errors Marking vs. correcting errors Marking vs. correcting errors Correcting your own errors Correcting your own errors Three steps Three steps Use your own background knowledge and reasoning Use your own background knowledge and reasoning Check in reference books Check in reference books Ask someone (eg. Language Clinic, Tutor) Ask someone (eg. Language Clinic, Tutor)

Example Human isSing/Plu complexToo general. So our society now is now a complexity.??? In order to get awayWChoice such frustration, you need to go back to simplicity, something that you originally have deep down your heart. Human isSing/Plu complexToo general. So our society now is now a complexity.??? In order to get awayWChoice such frustration, you need to go back to simplicity, something that you originally have deep down your heart.

Examples Generally speaking, the whole story of this book is very interesting and excitedWForm. Generally speaking, the whole story of this book is very interesting and excitedWForm. I would recommend this book to everyone especially forPreposition those who just startVTense to get seriously involved in love relationships. I would recommend this book to everyone especially forPreposition those who just startVTense to get seriously involved in love relationships.

Examples Yet Julia was deadVForm two years ago.WChoice AtPreposition that tragedyWForm night, Helen heard a wild scream of a terrified woman, so she rushed to her sister's room. She saw her sister in terrible pain and said, 'O, my God! Helen! it was the speckled band!' Yet Julia was deadVForm two years ago.WChoice AtPreposition that tragedyWForm night, Helen heard a wild scream of a terrified woman, so she rushed to her sister's room. She saw her sister in terrible pain and said, 'O, my God! Helen! it was the speckled band!' When reading alongPreposition this book, I found myself incredibleWForm impress WForm intoPreposition the lessons. When reading alongPreposition this book, I found myself incredibleWForm impress WForm intoPreposition the lessons.

Extra Grammar Lessons Review of Grammatical Terminology Review of Grammatical Terminology Tips on correcting errors Tips on correcting errors Mondays? Mondays? Tuesdays? Tuesdays? Fridays? Fridays?

A Fiction Checklist Bring in a complete DRAFT on Friday! Bring in a complete DRAFT on Friday! Use to edit your own work Use to edit your own work Used to comment on your classmates’ work next week Used to comment on your classmates’ work next week

Beginnings and Endings Does the opening grab your attention and encourage the reader to go on? Does the opening grab your attention and encourage the reader to go on? Do you get into the story as quickly as you can? Do you get into the story as quickly as you can? Have you got the best possible opening sentence or paragraph? Have you got the best possible opening sentence or paragraph? Have you chosen the right place in the story to start? Have you chosen the right place in the story to start? Do you have the right ending? Is it realistic? Do you have the right ending? Is it realistic?

Dialogue Does the dialogue sound real? Does the dialogue sound real? Can you recognize the characters by what Can you recognize the characters by what they are saying? they are saying? Is there enough or too much dialogue? Is there enough or too much dialogue? Do you need to spend more time on thinking about how your characters speak? Do you need to spend more time on thinking about how your characters speak? Is the dialogue punctuated correctly? Is the dialogue punctuated correctly?

Plot Does the story make sense? Does the story make sense? Does the story build in tension or excitement? Does the story build in tension or excitement? Is too much information given away too soon? Is too much information given away too soon? Is your story too complicated? Is your story too complicated? Does too much / too little happen? Does too much / too little happen? Is there anything in the story that you don't need? Is there anything in the story that you don't need? Does it have a good structure: a beginning, a middle and an end? Does it have a good structure: a beginning, a middle and an end? Does the story drag at any point? Does the story drag at any point? Do you move quickly from scene to scene? Do you move quickly from scene to scene?

Character How does the reader get to know your characters? How does the reader get to know your characters? Are your characters round or flat? Are your characters round or flat? Are you telling or showing? Are you telling or showing? Do you need to get to know your characters better? Do you need to get to know your characters better? Do you have too many characters? Do you have too many characters? Does each character have a clear role in the story? Does each character have a clear role in the story?

Language Is your language concrete and specific? Is your language concrete and specific? Is your writing clear and easy to understand? Is your writing clear and easy to understand? Is your writing original or clichéd? Is your writing original or clichéd? Does your language fit with the tone of the story? Does your language fit with the tone of the story? Is your language grammatically correct? Is your language grammatically correct?

General What are the strengths and weaknesses of the story? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the story? Is the title right? Is the title right? Were you right to choose first person / third person for this story? Were you right to choose first person / third person for this story? Is the story original in any way? Is the story original in any way? Does anything sound corny or clichéd? Does anything sound corny or clichéd? Does the story do what you want it to do? Does the story do what you want it to do? Is place important to your story - if so, do you portray the settings well? Is place important to your story - if so, do you portray the settings well? Are you entertaining your reader / how will a reader respond to this? Are you entertaining your reader / how will a reader respond to this?

Expository Writing Writing that ‘explains’ Writing that ‘explains’ Two Ingredients Two Ingredients Analysis Analysis Argument Argument

Basic Structure Problem  Solution Problem  Solution The secret The secret Picking problems worth solvoing Picking problems worth solvoing Picking problems you can solve Picking problems you can solve

Expository Writing Your experiences Your experiences What went wrong? What went wrong? Topic Topic Analysis Analysis Research Research Proof Proof

Rule Number One Prove It! Prove It!

How? Give examples Tell a story Describe something Quote someone smarter than you Give ‘facts’ (statistics, etc.)

Using what you have learned Analysis/ Argument DescriptionExpositionNarration

Analysis Classification Classification Comparison and Contrast Comparison and Contrast Process Process Cause and Effect Cause and Effect

Write a Sentence… I am an expert (preposition) (gerund or gerund phrase) I am an expert (preposition) (gerund or gerund phrase)

Expository Writing Writing that explains Writing that explains Writing that ‘exposes’ Writing that ‘exposes’ Doesn’t have to be boring Doesn’t have to be boring ‘Creative writing’ ‘Creative writing’ Stories and descriptions Stories and descriptions Examples of expository writing from ‘real life’ Examples of expository writing from ‘real life’

Steps Brainstorming subjects of interest Brainstorming subjects of interest Evaluating possible topics Evaluating possible topics Considering purpose and audience Considering purpose and audience Narrowing down your topic Narrowing down your topic Gathering information and evidence Gathering information and evidence Deciding on a design Deciding on a design Formulating a ‘thesis’ Formulating a ‘thesis’ Making an outline Making an outline

Choosing a topic What are you an expert on? What are you an expert on? ‘Applying for the job’ ‘Applying for the job’ Self-awareness and self- confidence Self-awareness and self- confidence Writing and the ‘real world’ Writing and the ‘real world’

Purpose and Audience Whom are you writing for? Whom are you writing for? What do you want them to think/do? What do you want them to think/do? What image do you want them to have of you? What image do you want them to have of you?

Narrowing down your topic Biggest Danger: Trying to do to much Biggest Danger: Trying to do to much Exploring your subject Exploring your subject A journalist questions A journalist questions Who, what, where, when, why, how? Who, what, where, when, why, how? Observing and describing Observing and describing Thinking of stories Thinking of stories

Gathering information ‘Research’ ‘Research’ Observing Observing Talking to people Talking to people Introspection and remembering Introspection and remembering Reading Reading Gathering things Gathering things

Determining your design: Reasoning Start with your purpose! Start with your purpose! What’s the problem? What’s the problem? Problem>Solution Problem>Solution Deductive Pattern (writing) Deductive Pattern (writing) Main Idea> Points> Reasons>Evidence Main Idea> Points> Reasons>Evidence Inductive Pattern (thinking) Inductive Pattern (thinking) Eivdence/Experience> Reasons> Points> Main Idea Eivdence/Experience> Reasons> Points> Main Idea

Design Patterns Classification Classification To solve the problem, you need to understand the different characteristics of the different kinds of X To solve the problem, you need to understand the different characteristics of the different kinds of X Compare/Contrast Compare/Contrast To solve the problem, you need to understand how X is different from or similar to Y To solve the problem, you need to understand how X is different from or similar to Y

Design Patterns Cause/Effect Cause/Effect To solve the problem, you need to understand what caused X or what the effect of X might be To solve the problem, you need to understand what caused X or what the effect of X might be Process Process To solve the problem, you need to understand how X develops over time (or how to do X) To solve the problem, you need to understand how X develops over time (or how to do X)

Dangers ‘As we know…’, ‘It has been said…’ ‘As we know…’, ‘It has been said…’ Writing about ‘ideas’ rather than ‘real things/people’ Writing about ‘ideas’ rather than ‘real things/people’ ‘Putting the cart before the horse’ ‘Putting the cart before the horse’ Using clichès Using clichès ‘Old hat’ and obvious statements ‘Old hat’ and obvious statements Stealing Stealing Newspapers Newspapers

Dangers Generalizations Generalizations

Making an Outline The basic unit of an expository essay is… The basic unit of an expository essay is… The Paragraph The Paragraph A paragraph is not just a bunch of sentences A paragraph is not just a bunch of sentences Idea+explanation/elaboration Idea+explanation/elaboration Point+evidence/examples Point+evidence/examples