yule, Cooperation and implicature Pertemuan 5 Matakuliah: G1042/Pragmatics Tahun: 2006

yule, Learning Outcomes Mahasiswa dapat menerapkan cooperative principles dalam menganalisa suatu percakapan (C3)

yule, Materi Outline Conversational implicatures Properties of conversational implicatures Conventional implicatures

yule, Conversation implicatures Implicature – to imply – to fold something into something else More being communicated than is said Conversational implicatures: Something which is implied in conversation, that is, something which is left implicit in actual language use.

yule, Properties of conversational implicatures 1. Calculated You have won five dollars 2. Suspended You’ve won at least five dollars 3. cancelled You’ve won five dollars in fact you won ten 4. Reinforced You’ve won five dollars, that’s four more than one

yule, Conventional implicatures (1) Conventional implicatures: Not based on the cooperative principles Not occur in conversation No depend on the special context for their interpretation BUT Are associated with specific words Result in additional conveyed meaning when those words are used.

yule, Conventional implicatures (2) E.g. But – p but q indicates the implicature of contrast between p and q Mary suggested black, but I chose white. Other words: Even, yet, and

yule, Conclusion Conversational implicature – based on the four maxims The properties of conversational implicature Calculated Suspended Cancelled Reinforced Conventional implicature – associated with some specific words