Information Dissemination in Next Generation Networks: Opportunities and Challenges Professor S V Raghavan Network Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai INDIA 1

2 Printed Media Video Clips Audio Clips E-Contents E-Journals Web Sites

3 Printed Media Video Clips Audio Clips E-Contents E-Journals Web Sites That too in Real time

Characteristics of NGN Extremely High Bandwidth and Low Latency Ability to build Virtual Private Networks Multi Protocol Label Switching Teraflops and Petaflops of Computing Power Terabytes, Petabytes, and Excabytes of Storage Multiple Operating Systems Switching at ≥ Gigabit speeds 4

What does it all imply? 5

Extremely High Speed => Annihilation of Distance Low Latency => Coalesce Events in Time Teleport Applications, People, Events, and Observations Health and Education requires it. 6

Information Dissemination Books Manuscripts Theses Electronic Resources Distributed Students, Faculty, Researchers, General Interest 7

Role of Library And Librarian Collection of Resources of Literary Value Someone should have taken Effort to Document Passive Guardian of Resources Sometimes Takes Proactive Interest 8

9 Until the Dawn of Information Age, For Citizens, Library was the only source of Knowledge

Citizens’ Expectation Information in Finger Tips (Mouse Click) Knowledge in a Comprehensive Form Students don’t solve problems; Look for the solution in the Cyberspace! Comprehensive Service when looking for any Information 10

Library Users 11

Information Usage 12

13 Every Internet User is a Potential Library User In that sense more people visit library today

14 Where do they get Information? Can we help?

One Important Distinction… Library as we see today naturally kindles interest in other / allied areas But it may not be exhaustive or fast in response Electronic Storage requires that the user knows what he / she is looking for. No opportunity to “Browse”!!!! 15

Modern Library Combines the Traditional Mode of Collection as well as Electronic Access When we are in the Digital World, “location” where the Information is kept, is not a barrier. Distributed Units can be formed. Research Labs where information is generated can become a virtual part of the library. “State Library” can be a virtual holding Co. 16

Modern Library Chief Librarian should be re-designated as Chief Information Scientist (CIS) CIS should be capable of handling multiple specialties; or supported by specialists from research labs in a virtual mode Key Punch Operator of a Computer Center – What do they do today? Transform to fit the modern world. 17

Organizing Intellectual Resource Indexing has been a source of strength in a library; catalogue system was dependent of that completely; Resource organization follows index faithfully. In the Electronic for Key Word take the place. Users even ask for audio, video, and iconic base for indexing; often referred to as “annotation”. Information resource is not text alone, it is in multiple media forms and formats. 18

19 Media FormsMedia Format Library Science IssueTechnology Issue Multiple Solutions are Available Standardization is the KEY Creative Solutions are Required Annotation is the only known Solution Often not useful because it is Labor Intensive

Quantum to be Handled Traditional Library was limited by physical space availability Modern electronic library has virtually no space limitation! However, Bandwidth for accessing what is available continues to be a challenge! 20

NGN and NKN NGN addresses exactly that issue NKN is a realization of that possibility. 21

© Network Systems Laboratory22 Properties of Networking Technology that Attract Attention… Annihilation of Distance Near Instantaneous Observation of Events Curious – Humans are not used to BOTH! Complex Functions Made Simple! Comprehension Made Complex!! Technology is Simple Fielding Technology to Productive use is Subtle Costs are ridiculously low Benefits are Phenomenal

© Network Systems Laboratory23 WHY? Computational Resource Access Critical Mass of Scientists in Key Areas Common Country-wide Classrooms Increased Peer Group Interaction Data Bases Sharing Online

Application Requiring High Bandwidth Virtual Laboratories Collaborative Mega Science Projects Innovative Info-Bio-Nano Experiments Non-invasive Medicare for Diseases like Cancer Diagnostic Domes as Public Health Centers in Rural Areas Country-wide Classroom University without Walls Voice Conferencing among Researchers Video Conferencing among Researchers On-line access to Electronic Resources

10 Gbps Scenario #1: Education Scenario #2: Research Scenario #3: HealthCare Scenario #4: Governance Scenario #5: FarmCare Scenario #6: HPC: Weather Modeling 25

Viswaroopam - NKN 26 Distribution EDGE

Philosophy The philosophy of NKN is to build a scalable network, which can expand both in the reach (spread in the country) and Speed. Setting up a common network backbone like national highway, wherein different categories of users shall be supported.

Features NKN High Capacity, Highly Scalable Backbone Provide QoS and Security Wide Geographical Coverage Common Standard Platform Bandwidth from Many NLD’s Highly Reliable & Available by Design Test beds ( for various implementation) Dedicated and Owned.

NKN TOPOLOGY

What India Needs to DO? NKN reach to be enhanced – at least to touch every educational institution Home grown search engines with domain specific capabilities to mimic the librarian’s role. Citizen education (esp. under 20 age group) on the need to “read books” of the conventional type. Creators of Newer Aggregated Contents (that are focused on domain specific requirement) as NGO effort. 30

Jai Hind 31