The European Intellectual Revolution: “The Enlightenment” Readings: Spodek, pp , ,
Enlightenment is A Product of the Scientific Revolution If you can know the “natural” world, then you should be able to know the “social, political, economic worlds. Sir Isaac Newton was a model. The goal was to make everyone happy.
Immanuel Kant “What is Enlightenment” “Don’t be Afraid to Know” “Have Courage to Use Your Own Reason”
John Locke Was English and lived from Two Treatises on Government: Political Liberalism and Representation. John Locke felt that property was necessary to have a stake in the government.
Baron de Montesquieu Was French and lived from Spirit of Laws: Separation of Powers Checks and Balances
Voltaire Was French and lived from “Enlightened Despotism” Religious Toleration
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Was French from The Social Contract: The General Will Public must be generous Make other people happy Private happiness linked to public happiness
Emile Education The Woman Question Idea of State religion: Nationalism, Patriotism
Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations (1776) Laissez-faire economy Free Trade The Invisible Hand
Jeremy Bentham Utalitarianism Best Policy which promotes Greatest happiness of the greatest number.
Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac Public Opinion Coffee Houses Newspapers Academies Salons