1 A Computer-based Decision Support System for Septoriosis Control in Winter Wheat: implementation in Belgium and Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg. El JARROUDI Moussa and TYCHON Bernard Agrometeorological Research Group Faculty of Sciences- Department of Environmental Sciences and Management University of Liège - Belgium ENDURE Meeting – Versailles –

2 The optimum time of fungicide application Modelling Cultivar-Topo-climatological conditions- Parasite Use of statistical tools and Software packages for diseases management Winter wheat field Water table Spraying The risk of strain’s resistance Bees Socio-economicTarget Warnings Concern of the environment Why to set up a decision support system for diseases control in wheat? Financial and environmental profitability

3 INPUT Infection Periods (hours) Latent periodThe number of such hours per day are then added up and all further estimations are based on daily data > 0.1 mm in 1st H > 0.5 mm in the 2nd H RH > 60% for 19 H T >4°C for 48 H Calculated by polynomial equation (SHAW, 1990) Relationship between latent period and t° The evolution of the latent period is calculated daily on the basis of mean daily temperature and summed up to 100% Estimation of the disease progression on the upper leaves (F5 to F1) Estimation of primary and secondary infection expressed on the upper leaves (F5 to F1) Graph OUTPUT Crop sowing date Hourly weather data and phenological stages Calculation with the phyllochron principle (130 degree.days) The Proculture Model * * Maraite H and Moreau JM, 1999

4 PROCULTURE OUTPUTS Forecast of the percentage of the area covered by sporulating S. tritici (beige: Primary infection, brown: Secondary infection Leaf area development Percentage of the leaf area covered by sporulating S.tritici (Pink: Primary infection, red: secondary infection) Logarithmic scale Sowing date Rainfall (mm) Temperature (°C ) Calculated leaf natural senesence Relative humidity (%) Date Forecast of the latency duration according to temperature Example of latent period

5 Automatic weather stations > 0.1 mm in 1st H > 0.5 mm in the 2nd H RH > 60% for 19 H T >4°C for 48 H Criteria for infection

6 The Proculture decision-making Everlange Akteur Preceding crop: fallow Warning

7 Reuler Dekan Preceding crop: Maize The Proculture decision-making Warning canceled

8 4. Juni 2007 Weekly crop state, juin 4, 2007 Cultivar: Tommi Preceding crop: Maize Sowing date: Growth stage: GS69 Septoria tritici: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Brown rust: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Sorte: CUBUS Preceding crop: Canola seed Sowing date: Growth stage: GS75 Septoria tritici: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Brown rust: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Cultivar: Akteur Preceding crop: Maize Sowing date: Growth stage: GS65 Septoria tritici: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3 Brown rust: symptoms on F1, F2 and F3 Yellow rust: Two focus of yellow rust were observed. Cultivar: AKTEUR Preceding crop: Pea Sowing date: Growth stage: GS70 Septoria tritici: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Cultivar: ACHAT Preceding crop: Pea Sowing date: Growth stage: GS69+ Septoria tritici: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Cultivar: FLAIR Preceding crop: Pea Sowing date: Growth stage: GS72 Septoria tritici: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. Brown rust: Symptoms on F1, F2 and F3. This week, very important symptoms were observed on F 1 leaves. These symptoms exceeded 20 % infection for some F 1 leaves. The mid-May rainfall is the cause of this infection, probably due to spores stemming from Mycosphearella graminicola ascospores. The end of May sweet night- temperatures were very favorable to the brown rust germination. Rains registered in the flowering stage provided convenient conditions for the fusarium head blight. Finally, the foci of yellow rust were observed for the first time at Reuler. Lef area development

9 Proculture Septoriosis Model CERES Module of leaf rust Coupling of phyllochron and latent period Yield Simulation functions of the kinetics of degradation of the green surface Coupling of CERES and PROCULTURE Calculation of the useful green surface and disturbances bound to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and Septoria tritici blotch To provide an optimum time frame for site-specific spraying and distribute these results in real-time to the farming community. Estimation of fungicides residues Impact of fungicides on water and soils. To establish the economic and environmental threshold of fungicides application PRZM AUDPC HAD HAA AUVDPC PAD PAA Partners Ulg INRA

10 Expected results Expertise, software and data exchange between INRA (UMR XXX EGC-AgroPariTech, Grignon) and ULg Strenghtening of the CERES-PRZM approach used in the ENDURE project Conversion of an epidemiological tool to a nuisibility tool (including yield losses) Extension of a soil-plant-atmosphere model to an environmental impact assessment tool