Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs.Femininity Long-term vs. short-term Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs.Femininity Long-term vs. short-term

Selected Countries on the Uncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity Scales Uncertainty Avoidance Index Masculinity Index Fem Status Quo Risk-taking Masc HK USA GB SING GRE JAPAN GER YUG SO AMER So AMER SWE FRAN SPN

Selected Countries on the Uncertainty Avoidance & Power Distance Scales Uncertainty Avoidance Index Power Distance Index Low High - Status Quo Risk-taking -Low High SWE USA GB HK SING PHIL IND SPN FRAN JAPAN GRE YUG GER SO AMER

Congressional Legislation ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997 IRWI N Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts Equal Pay Act (1963) –men & women paid equally for equal work Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964) –covers race,color,religion,sex and national origin –15 or more employees Age Discrimination Act (1967) –over 40 years of age –15 or more employees Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973) –affirmative action for people with disabilities Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts Equal Pay Act (1963) –men & women paid equally for equal work Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964) –covers race,color,religion,sex and national origin –15 or more employees Age Discrimination Act (1967) –over 40 years of age –15 or more employees Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973) –affirmative action for people with disabilities

Congressional Legislation (cont.) ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997 IRWI N Vietnam Era Veteran’s Readjustment Act (1974) –affirmative action for Vietnam vets Civil Rights Act (1991) –adds compensatory and punitive damages Americans with Disabilites Act (1990) –prohibits discrimination based on disability –“reasonable accomodation” –determine “essential” job functions Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) –12 weeks of unpaid leave –firms with more than 50 employees Vietnam Era Veteran’s Readjustment Act (1974) –affirmative action for Vietnam vets Civil Rights Act (1991) –adds compensatory and punitive damages Americans with Disabilites Act (1990) –prohibits discrimination based on disability –“reasonable accomodation” –determine “essential” job functions Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) –12 weeks of unpaid leave –firms with more than 50 employees

Executive Orders ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997 IRWI N Number –affirmative action targets for women & minorities Number –government employment policies based on merit & fitness

Affirmative Action Plans Utilization analysis Goals and timetables Action steps Utilization analysis Goals and timetables Action steps ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997 IRWI N have three basic components:

Types of Discrimination ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997 IRWI N Disparate Treatment Disparate Treatment Disparate Impact Disparate Impact Pattern or Practice Pattern or Practice - Show intent? - Prima facie case - Employer’s defense - Plaintiff’s rebuttal - Damages - Key litigation - Yes - member of protected group - show BFOQ - reason a pretext - compensatory/ punitive - McDonnell Douglas v. Green Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse - Yes - statistical disparity & individual cases - workforce need not mirror population - compensatory/ punitive - Hazelwood School District v. U.S. - No - statistical disparity - show job relatedness - other ways exist - equitable relief - Griggs v. Duke Power Wards Cove v. Atonio

Current Diversity Issues Sexual Harassment –Bundy v. Jackson “quid pro quo” –Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson hostile working environment Affirmative action & reverse discriminatrion Americans with Disabitilies Act Religious Discrimination Sexual Harassment –Bundy v. Jackson “quid pro quo” –Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson hostile working environment Affirmative action & reverse discriminatrion Americans with Disabitilies Act Religious Discrimination ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., company, 1997 IRWI N