Professional Academic Writing in a Global Context: Principal research questions How is the dominance of English affecting scholars who use languages other than English and live/work in non- English dominant contexts? In what ways is English as an “academic lingua franca” influencing academic knowledge production and exchange in the twenty first century? Which texts are successful or unsuccessful in being accepted for publication, and why? How can a range of methodologies- text, ethnographic, corpus- be combined to explore academic writing in a global context?

Project 2 focuses on specific findings from Project 1 PHASE 1 Considerable pressure to publish in English. Represents a form of capital crucial to receiving raises and promotions, attracting research grants, supporting students. “International” publishing often means English-medium. Publishing in L1 or other languages for local, regional, international, applied and research communities. Some scholars are explicitly making an ‘applied’/’theoretical’ distinction in their writings: Applied → L1 national. Theoretical→English international Scholars writing English medium texts for/in different contexts of production and distribution. 1) English medium national; 2) English medium transnational; 3) English medium ‘international’. Literacy brokers influence texts in different and significant ways including the knowledge claims being made. Working in networks and with brokers is as significant/more important to successful English medium (international) publications than individual linguistic/rhetorical “competence” in English. “Literacy brokers” play an important part in English medium text production. 1) Academic disciplinary specialists, journal gatekeepers. 2) Language specialists. 3) English speaking friends/family

Project 2..focuses on specific finding from Project 1 PHASE 1 Considerable pressure to publish in English. Represents a form of capital crucial to receiving raises and promotions, attracting research grants, supporting students. “International” publishing often means English-medium. Publishing in L1 or other languages for local, regional, international, applied and research communities. Some scholars are explicitly making an ‘applied’/’theoretical’ distinction in their writings: Applied → L1 national. Theoretical→English international Literacy brokers influence texts in different and significant ways including the knowledge claims being made. Working in networks and with brokers is as significant/more important to successful English medium (international) publications than individual linguistic/rhetorical “competence” in English. “Literacy brokers” play an important part in English medium text production. 1) Academic disciplinary specialists, journal gatekeepers. 2) Language specialists. 3) English speaking friends/family Scholars writing English medium texts for/in different contexts of production and distribution. 1) English medium national; 2) English medium ‘international’.

Project 2 - adds another methodology PHASE 1 Considerable pressure to publish in English. Represents a form of capital crucial to receiving raises and promotions, attracting research grants, supporting students. “International” publishing often means English-medium. Publishing in L1 or other languages for local, regional, international, applied and research communities. Some scholars are explicitly making an ‘applied’/’theoretical’ distinction in their writings: Applied → L1 national. Theoretical→English international Literacy brokers influence texts in different and significant ways including the knowledge claims being made. Working in networks and with brokers is as significant/more important to successful English medium (international) publications than individual linguistic/rhetorical “competence” in English. “Literacy brokers” play an important part in English medium text production. 1) Academic disciplinary specialists, journal gatekeepers. 2) Language specialists. 3) English speaking friends/family Scholars writing English medium texts for/in different contexts of production and distribution. 1) English medium national; 2) English medium ‘international’. Project 2 Building corpus of published English medium psychology articles

Project 2: Principal research questions How is the dominance of English influencing knowledge production and circulation in psychology? What are the similarities and differences in the English medium academic journal articles produced by non-Anglophone psychology scholars in Hungary, Slovakia, Spain and Portugal for two distinct contexts of publication: English medium national [EMN] and [EMI]? (content, knowledge claims and linguistic- rhetorical features). What are the similarities and differences in English medium academic journal articles written by scholars in Anglophone and non-Anglophone contexts? How do specific practices surrounding text production impact on trajectories towards publication in different contexts of publication?

Project 2: Methodology 3 SubcorporaNumber of Journal Articles English Medium National journal articles by authors affiliated to non-Anglophone institutions (Slovakia, Hungary, Spain and Portugal) 80 English Medium International journal articles by authors affiliated to non-Anglophone institutions (Slovakia, Hungary, Spain and Portugal) 80 English Medium journal articles by authors affiliated to Anglophone centre contexts (UK, US) 80

Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis Project 2 English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Analysis of EMN and Anglo non-experimental corpora indicate sentences are in longer in articles from Portugal and Spain and shorter in Hungary Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication

Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis PHASE 2 English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Analysis of EMN and Anglo non-experimental corpora indicate sentences are in longer in articles from Portugal and Spain and shorter in Hungary English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English

Preliminary findings from Project 2- citation analysis PHASE 2 English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication Work in progress!! English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English

Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis PHASE 2 English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in their own language (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication Work in progress!! Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English

Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis PHASE 2 English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Analysis of EMN and Anglo non-experimental corpora indicate sentences are in longer in articles from Portugal and Spain and shorter in Hungary Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English What counts as “Psychology “as a discipline varies across national and international contexts of publication

Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis PHASE 2 English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication Work in progress!! Different syntactic patterns across EMN and EMI articles. Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English