Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski William Mehnert

Overview Project Objectives Conceptual Design Q&A for Presentation 1 Technical Analysis Plan for Phase 3 Nugget Chart Conclusion

Project Objective Convert a gasoline engine to operate on E85 without sacrificing fuel consumption, increasing performance and reducing emissions Provide a control system unit to manage the engine

Conceptual Design ECM Exhaust Gases FFSFuel InjectorsIgnitionO2EGT

Q&A Presentation 1 Engine Cooling –No change to combustion chamber temperatures Materials –Engines have been manufactured to run on ethanol (E10) for over a decade

Areas for Technical Analysis Ignition Timing Explosion Limits Emissions Power/Torque

Ignition Timing Used to control power and chamber temperatures Typical Ignition timing ranges from 5˚BTDC at start to over 40˚BTDC at higher RPMs Temperatures and power will be measured before and after the conversion to optimize timing

Ignition Timing

Explosion Limits Equations: –LEL =( P1 + P Pn)/(P1/lel1 +P2/lel Pn/leln) –UEL =( P1 + P Pn)/(P1/uel1 +P2/uel Pn/ueln) FuelLower LimitUpper Limit Gasoline Ethanol3.319

Explosion Limits LEL=1/[(.15/1.4)+(.85/3.3)]=2.74 UEL=1/[(.15/7.6)+(.85/19)]=15.5 Lambda –Measures fuel content in combustion chamber (AFR/AFR stoich ) –Typical range between.68 and 1.4 –Corresponding values based on explosion limits are.56 to 3.65 Fuel will combust

Emissions Although emissions can be theoretically calculated the process is extremely involved Emissions will be measured prior to conversion and after (without the use of a catalytic converter) based on EPA standards

Emissions Local Testing Procedure (IM240) –240 Seconds Test –Average Speed 30 MPH –Max Speed 56.7 MPH –Total of 2 Miles –Idle time to be less than 3.8% of total time

Power/Torque Power Calculated from measured Torque –HP =(Torque x rpm)/5250 Torque optimized by changing timing Baseline and final torque will be measured on a chassis dynamometer

Power/Torque Sample affects of ignition timing Ignition Timing (Degree) Temperature (K) Work (J) Exerted Pressure (kPa) 0° ° ° ° **Based on applet designed by Colorado State, Timing adjusted, all other values held constant

Plan for Phase 3 Prototype –Ignition timing model –Fuel consumption model Plan –Fit ECM to engine with existing sensors –Test engine operation prior to conversion Purchase –Engine –ECM –Various Sensors –Dynamometer time

Nugget Chart

Conclusion With ignition timing, we will control the combustion in the cylinder chamber We will provide a kit that will enable someone to run on E85/gasoline blend

Thank you Any Questions?

Reference Effect of Advanced injection timing on emission characteristics of diesel engine running on natural gas Effect of Ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratio The effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on engine performance and exhaust emissions

Chemical Equilibrium Gasoline –C 8 H (O N 2 )  CO 2 +3H 2 O+12.5(3.76N 2 ) Ethanol –C 2 H 5 OH+3(O N 2 )  2CO 2 +3H 2 O+3(3.76N 2 )

Formulas Used