Metabolism Transformations and Interactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

What happens to all these nutrients? Your body cells derive two things from your food –Energy To help you move, think, breath etc –Nutrients Nutrients to grow (in children), to replace broken down cells, to repair etc

Metabolism Photosynthesis Fuel Metabolism Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Photosynthesis: Light energy is converted by plants to chemical energy Respiration: Chemical energy stored in plants is converted by animals into new forms of chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and heat energy Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism

Breakdown/ Hydrolysis Proteins to Amino Acids, Starch to Glucose Synthesis/Condensation Amino Acids to Proteins, Glucose to Starch Yin & Yang of Metabolism Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism

Chemical Reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Adenosine Triphosphate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Chemical Reactions Coupled reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

A Typical Cell

Chemical Reactions Helpers in reactions –Enzymes Cofactors –Coenzymes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Nutrients for Energy Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Nutrients for Energy Glycolysis Pyruvate  acetyl CoA TCA cycle Electron transport chain Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Example of Redox Equations

Examples ATP  ADP + P –Oxidation, release energy ADP + P  ATP –Reduction, stores energy NAD + H  NADH FAD + H2  FADH2

Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Glycolysis: Glucose-to- Pyruvate

Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Anaerobic vs. aerobic pathways Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Anaerobic Pyruvate-to-lactic acid –Cori cycle Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

Pyruvate-to-Lactic Acid (Anaerobic)

Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Aerobic Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning