APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION FOR MASONRY ASSESSMENT University of Salford Clive Melbourne Adrienn Tomor.

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APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION FOR MASONRY ASSESSMENT University of Salford Clive Melbourne Adrienn Tomor

AE instrumentation

AE test results Static loading

Dead load Live load Dead load Live load Dead load Live load Dead load Live load Dead load Live load AE2 AE5 AE7 AE4 AE8 AE1 AE3 AE6 Amplitude (dB) Load (kN) Static loading

AE2 AE5 AE7 AE4 AE8 AE1 AE3 AE6 AE3 AE4 AE1 AE2 AE 8 AE 7 AE6AE6 AE5 Amplitude (dB) Load (kN) Static loading

AE2 AE5 AE7 AE4 AE8 AE1 AE3 AE6 AE3 AE4 AE1 AE2 AE 8 AE 7 AE6AE6 AE5 1 st crack 2 nd crack Ring separation Amplitude (dB) Load (kN) Static loading

AE test results Cyclic loading

AE2AE4 AE1AE3 Noise from loading system Amplitude (dB) Time (s) Crack development Cyclic loading

AE test results Energy release

Absolute energy (aJ) Load (kN) 300,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, kN 28kN AE1 AE2 AE3 AE4 AE5 AE6 Energy release Movement Crack development Crack opening

AE test results Damaged arches

Abs. Energy / Cycle Loading history Hit Rate / Cycle 36kN 32kN 34kN Damaged arches

AE test results Arches with soil

Arches with soil Absolute energy (aJ) Time (sec) Crack development Movement Crack development Movement 1 st crack observed at ¼ span

AE technique summary 1.AE gives real-time indication of crack opening inside the structure, before their effect is measurable on the surface 2.Can clearly locate damaged regions and potential areas of failure 3.Indicates crack development and residual damages before failure 4.Shows potentials for damaged arches as well as for arches with soil. 5.Periods of ‘crack development’, ‘crack opening’ and ‘movement’ can be clearly distinguished