English Grammar I Shih-Chuan Chang

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Present simple tense is used to express the idea that an action is usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, or a routine. It is also used to tell a general truth.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense My parents go to work by car. The sun rises in the east. Spencer rides a scooter to work. It never snows in Taiwan. My brother goes to school on foot. Light travels faster than sound.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense In the simple present, the third person singular subjects have a verb with –s for most verbs; however, with some verbs, we need to add es or change the ending. The rules are as follows:

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1) Verbs ending in s, z, sh, ch: add es : watch→ watches, wish→ wishes, 2) Verbs ending in consonant+ y: change y to i then add es : fly→ flies, 3) Verbs ending in a vowel +y, add s : pay→ pays, play→ plays

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.1-2 Exercise : Use “make” or “do” to complete each sentence Mrs. Smith always _____ the bed for her son. Sue ________ an appointment with her dentist twice a month. Chad ______ huge progresses in math.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense We ___________ the shopping once a week. The businessman _____________ a lot of money by selling cars. My mother ___________ the laundry in the morning. Janet and her sister usually _________ their homework after school.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.1-3 Forming Negative, Question and Wh- sentences: Forming Negative questions : sentences in the simple present tenses are formed by adding “do not” or “does not” before the simple form of the verb: A third singular subject uses “doesn’t”, the others use “don’t”.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Forming Yes/NO questions: Yes/No questions are formed by using do or does. “Do” or “Does” is placed before the subject. Do you major in history? Yes, I do. Does your mother speak English? No, she doesn’t. Do the Browns eat meat? No, they don’t.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Forming Wh-questions: Wh question are formed by putting do or does in front of the subject and the “wh” word is at the beginning of a sentence. Where do the Browns live? What kind of car does Mary have? How often does your father work out in the gym?

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1-1-5 Adverb of Frequency Adverbs of Frequency are used to tell how often we do an activity. If the sentence has one adverb put the adverb after the subject and before the verb. However, the adverb should go after an “auxiliary verb”.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Table 1.1: Adverbs of Frequency percentage Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence 100% always My father always goes to work by car. 80% usually He usually goes to work after breakfast.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 70% often/ frequently He often has his lunch in the office. 50% sometimes He sometimes has a sandwich for lunch. 30% occasionally He occasionally has fast-food for lunch. 10% seldom / rarely He seldom goes home for lunch.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 5% hardly ever He hardly takes a nap in the afternoon. 0% never He is never late for work.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.1-6 Exercise: Complete sentences with the verb and adverb of frequency: Americans ________ (send) chocolate to their sweetheart. Banks _______ (be) closed on Sundays. Chinese people _____ (eat) moon cakes on Mid-autumn Festival. _____ (go) to bed before 8: 00. I am a night owl.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense My grammar teacher ______ (wear) high heels. It _____________ (snow) in Taipei. My class _________ (start) at nine. It ______ (rain) in summer in Keelung. Valentine’s Day _____ ( be) on February 14th. It _______ (rain) in winter in southern Taiwan.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Present Continuous is used to express the idea that something is happening now or at this moment. It is used to say something is in the process of doing a longer action.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Is the baby crying now? No, he isn’t. He is sleeping. Currently, J. K. Rowling is writing a new book. I am studying to become a scientist. I am reading the book “The Chicken Soup for the Soul”. Are you working on any projects?

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense The present Continuous can be used to indicate something that is going to happen in the future. It always goes with the following verbs: leave, come, go, visit. She is visiting her parents-in-law tonight. We are going to Brazil next week.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Present continuous tense with the word "always" means irritating things happen again and again. My grandma is always losing the keys. I don't like Lisa because she is always nagging on me.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.2-1 Spelling rules for the formation of the present participle Some verbs change their spelling with the–ing form 1) When a verb ends in a silent “e”, the “e” is dropped. close→ closing

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense When a verb ends in “ie”, the “ie” is changed to y before the ing is added. die→ dying lie→lying No change is made with the end of “y”. fly→ flying play→ playing If the one-syllable verbs ending in a single constant with a short vowel, the final consonant must be doubled before the ing is added, except with w, x and y ending. nod→nodding dig→digging run→running

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.2-3 Exercise: Complete the sentences with Present Continuous Tense. Listen! The restaurant ________ (play) Chopin’s music. My grandfather _______(always/forget) to turn off the light. Sue and her sister ______ (leave) now. The little boy _____ (cry). Is he hungry?

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense George ______ (always/ask) silly questions in class. Charles _____ (come) next week. My husband and I _____ (sit) in the coffee shop. He ______ (have) some tea and I _______ (have) a cup of hot chocolate.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense The taxi ____ (wait) for you outside. Hurry up. Look! The water ________ (boil). Lauren _______ (surf) the net at this moment.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.3 Non-Continuous Verbs Some verbs cannot be used in the progressive tenses although these verbs are happening at the present. These verbs are called non-action verbs which are used to indicate state, sense, desire, possession, or opinion.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Table 1.2: Non-Action Verbs abstract verbs know, think, realize, feel, need, understand, cost want, remember, prefer, believe, recognize, weigh emotional verbs love, like, hate, dislike, fear, envy, care, mind, enjoy

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense possession verbs have, own, possess linking verbs seem, look, sound, smell, feel, taste, appear, become

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Some verbs have more than one meaning. Some meanings behave like "non-action verbs", while others behave like "action verbs." Verbs that have more than one meaning are listed in table1.3.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense Table 1.3: Verbs can function as action verbs or non-action verbs have I have a brother and a sister. I am having a cup of coffee. miss John misses his ex-wife very much. Debbie is missing her favorite talk show.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense think He thinks the test is easy. He is thinking of changing the job. appear Alex appeared happy. Andy Lau is appearing on the stage. smell These roses smell good. Katherine is smelling these roses

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense 1.3-1 Complete each sentence with present simple or continuous tense. I _______ (prefer) Japanese food to French food. My niece ____ (dislike) playing sports. Carlos _______ (own) that flower shop. The laptop computer _______ (belong) to me. It is not yours.

Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense What’s on your mind? You ____(sound) unhappy. I _______ (see) my nephew talking to a stranger. How much _____ the ticket ___ (cost) ? The man ____ (weigh) at least 200 pounds.