Chapter 7: The European Union

SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS What is a Supranational Organization? Is it able to leap tall buildings in a single bound? Is it faster than a speeding bullet? Are they good for the world of politics?

SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS What is a Supranational Organization? It is an organization or authority that transcends national borders.

SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS What is a Supranational Organization? a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states.  An agreement between sovereign states based on international treaties

SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Can you think of any examples of Supranational Organizations?

THE UNITED NATIONS What is it? A supranational organization An international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

THE UNITED NATIONS 4 main purposes To keep peace throughout the world; To develop friendly relations among nations; To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms; To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

THE UNITED NATIONS Member States? Membership is open to all peace-loving States that accept the obligations contained in the United Nations Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able to carry out these obligations”. 193 member nations / states out of 196 in world

El Diablo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOsABwCrn3E

THE UNITED NATIONS Governing Bodies? The GENERAL SECRETARY is like the UN Head of State – its Chief Administrative Officer as well as a symbol of United Nations ideals and a spokesman for the interests of the world's peoples The 8th UN Sec Gen is Mr. Ban Ki-moon of the Republic of Korea since 2007.

THE UNITED NATIONS Governing Bodies? The GENERAL ASSEMBLY is the main deliberative organ of the UN and is composed of representatives of all Member States.

THE UNITED NATIONS Governing Bodies? The SECURITY COUNCIL - has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. 5 permanent members: USA, UK, France, Russia, China – each has veto power over any decision of the UN 10 non-permanent members http://www.un.org/en/sc/members/

OPEC What is it? Supranational Again An Intergovernmental organization and economic cartel whose mission is to coordinate the policies of the oil-producing countries and to secure a steady income to the member states and to collude in influencing world oil prices through economic means.

OPEC History – OPEC was created at the Baghdad Conference in1960, by Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Current Members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Venezuela

OPEC

G8 – GROUP OF 8

G8 – GROUP OF 8 What is it? Supranational Again Since 1975, the heads of state or government of the major industrial democracies have been meeting annually (and informally) to deal with the major economic and political issues facing their domestic societies and the international community as a whole.

G8 – GROUP OF 8 Members: France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia (as of 2006), Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada. Yes Canada! It also includes the EU in its meetings G7 = G8-Russia G20 = expands meetings to top 20 countries “Sherpas” Attend the meetings!!!

WORLD BANK

WORLD BANK What is it? Supranational Again Not a bank in the ordinary sense - The WB was established in 1944 and is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world - a unique partnership to reduce poverty and support development.

WORLD BANK The World Bank Group has set two goals for the world to achieve by 2030: End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3% Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for every country

WORLD BANK Organization? The WB is like a cooperative, made up of 188 member countries. These member countries, or shareholders, are represented by a Board of Governors, who are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank. Generally, the governors are member countries' ministers of finance or ministers of development.

WORLD BANK What does the WB do? Provides low-interest loans, interest-free credits, and grants to developing countries. We offer support to developing countries through policy advice, research and analysis, and technical assistance.   

WORLD BANK DO NOT FORGET THE POLICY OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT !  

IMF – INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

IMF – INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

IMF – INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND What is the IMF? Started in 1944 – It is an organization of 188 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

IMF – INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND What is the IMF? The IMF's fundamental mission is to help ensure stability in the international system. It does so in three ways: SURVEILLANCE -keeping track of the global economy and the economies of member countries; LENDING - lending to countries with balance of payments difficulties; and TECHNICAL ASSISTANE - giving practical help to members.

WTO – WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

WTO – WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 1. What is it? The only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.

Modern day PIRATES?

WTO – WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION Members – as of June of 2014, there are 160 members – all but Iran are members out of our core countries

WTO – WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 3. Organization? The WTO is run by its member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who usually meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly in Geneva).

WTO – WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 4. The WTO can ... 1 ... cut living costs and raise living standards  2 ... settle disputes and reduce trade tensions 3 ... stimulate economic growth and employment 4 ... cut the cost of doing business internationally 5 ... encourage good governance 6 ... help countries develop 7 ... give the weak a stronger voice 8 ... support the environment and health 9 ... contribute to peace and stability 10 ... be effective without hitting the headlines

ECOWAS 1. WHAT? The Economic Community of West African States regional group of fifteen countries, founded in 1975 to promote economic integration in "all fields of economic activity, particularly industry, transport, telecommunications, energy, agriculture, natural resources, commerce, monetary and financial questions, social and cultural matters ....."

ECOWAS 2. Members – 15 West African States

OAU 1. WHAT? The Organization of African Unity as it was known in 1963 when created by 32 member states – Disbanded in 2002 when it became known solely as African Unity

OAU 2. Members?  A union consisting of 54 African states except Morocco.  3. Goals? To achieve greater unity and solidarity between the African countries and Africans. To defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its States. To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent.

OAS 1 WHAT? The organization of American States the world’s oldest regional organization, dating back to 1889

OAS 2. What does it do? to achieve among its member states "an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence."

OAS 3. Members? 35 member countries from the Americas