LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. List the steps leading to woman suffrage. Explain the limits of Wilson’s progressivism.

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

Wilson’s New Freedom Section 5 Woodrow Wilson establishes a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader. NEXT

Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Wilson’s Background 5 SECTION Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Wilson’s Background Wilson was lawyer, professor, president of Princeton, NJ governor As president, focuses on trusts, tariffs, high finance Continued . . . NEXT

Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms 5 SECTION Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Two Key Antitrust Measures Federal Trade Commission (FTC)— new “watchdog” agency - investigates regulatory violations - ends unfair business practices Clayton Antitrust Act stops companies buying stock to form monopoly Ends injunctions against strikers unless threaten irreparable damage Continued . . . NEXT

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FORMED The FTC was formed in 1914 to serve as a “watchdog” agency to end unfair business practices The FTC protects consumers from business fraud Today the FTC has been working on protecting consumers from ID theft

Chapter 9 Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom A – What was the impact of the two antitrust measures? Wilson placed greater government regulations on businesses.

GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 1. Federal Trade Act Set up the Federal Trade Commission with power to investigate corporations and unfair business practices

Chapter 9 Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT In 1914 Congress enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act which strengthened the Sherman Act The Clayton Act prevented companies from acquiring stock from another company (Anti-monopoly) The Act also supported workers unions

Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act; GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 2. Clayton Antitrust Act Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act; freed labor unions and farm organizations from antitrust laws; prohibited most injunctions against strikers

5 SECTION continued Wilson Wins Financial Reforms A New Tax System Wilson pushes for Underwood Act to substantially reduce tariffs Sets precedent of giving State of the Union message in person His use of bully pulpit leads to passage NEXT

GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 3. Underwood Tariff Substantially reduced tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War

5 SECTION continued Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Federal Income Tax Sixteenth Amendment legalizes graduated federal income tax NEXT

FEDERAL INCOME TAX ARRIVES Wilson worked hard to lower tariffs, however that lost revenue had to be made up Ratified in 1916, the 16th Amendment legalized a graduated federal income tax

Legalized a federal income tax GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 4. Sixteenth Amendment Legalized a federal income tax

Federal Reserve System 5 SECTION continued Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Federal Reserve System • Federal Reserve System— private banking system under federal control • Nation divided into 12 districts; central bank in each district NEXT

B – Why were tariff reform and Federal Reserve System important? Wilson’s tariff reform, cut tariffs and reduced the power of monopolies. The Federal Reserve System made the money supply responsive to the state of the economy.

GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 5. Federal Reserve Act Established the Federal Reserve System, a decentralized private banking system under federal control

Women Win Suffrage Local Suffrage Battles 5 SECTION Women Win Suffrage Local Suffrage Battles • College-educated women spread suffrage message to working-class • Go door-to-door, take trolley tours, give speeches at stops - some adopt bold tactics of British suffragists NEXT

Women Win Suffrage Catt and the National Movement 5 SECTION Women Win Suffrage Catt and the National Movement • Carrie Chapman Catt, head of NAWSA, stresses organization, lobbying • National Woman’s Party aggressively pressures for suffrage amendment • Work of patriotic women in war effort influences politicians • 1920 Nineteenth Amendment grants women right to vote NEXT

The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920 WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE Native-born, educated, middle-class women grew more and more impatient Through local, state and national organization, vigorous protests and World War I, women finally realized their dream in 1920 The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920

C – Why do you think women won the right to vote in 1920, after earlier efforts had failed? A combination of factors, including women’s growing experience in the public realm, their economic and social power, and their importance in the war effort.

Increased activism of local and grass roots groups; GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 6. Which three new developments finally brought the success of the woman suffrage movement within reach? Increased activism of local and grass roots groups; the use of new strategies to build enthusiasm; regeneration of the national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt

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7. Which constitutional amendment recognized women’s right to vote? GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 7. Which constitutional amendment recognized women’s right to vote? The Nineteenth Amendment

The Limits of Progressivism 5 SECTION The Limits of Progressivism Wilson and Civil Rights As candidate, wins support of NAACP for favoring civil rights As president, opposes antilynching legislation Appoints fellow white Southerners to cabinet who extend segregation NAACP feels betrayed; Wilson self-defense widens rift NEXT

LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM While the Progressive era was responsible for many important reforms, it failed to make gains for African Americans Like Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s

8. How did Wilson retreat on civil rights? GUIDED READING What were the aims of each piece of legislation or constitutional amendment? 8. How did Wilson retreat on civil rights? Opposed federal anti-lynching legislation; appointed segregationists to his cabinet; failed to oppose the re-segregation of federal offices

D – What actions of Wilson disappointed civil rights advocates? Wilson opposed anti-lynching legislation, did not continue desegregation of the federal govt, and appointed to his cabinet white southerners who supported segregation.

The Limits of Progressivism 5 SECTION The Limits of Progressivism The Twilight of Progressivism Outbreak of World War I distracts Americans; reform efforts stall NEXT