Chapter 14 Section 3: Life on the Home Front

Warm-Up 3-17 How did women in World War I help out with the war effort? What was the Great Migration? How did the “white man” treat the Native Americans? What kind of land did the United States government give the Native Americans to live on?

Women and Minorities Gain Ground 19 million new jobs created Created hardships: Families had to move Higher taxes 90 hour work weeks Outlook changed  new age of prosperity

Appreciation of Military Men enlisted in the army White men were gone  factory owners needed more help  minorities and women

Warm-Up 3-17 Why was the battle of Midway so important? What were war bonds? How did this help the war effort? Do you believe that tensions will rise between African Americans and whites during this time?

Women in the Defense Plants The great symbol of the campaign to hire women was “Rosie the Riveter” Shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing plants Page 501  Iconic Image during when?

Minorities and the Workforce African Americans Demand War Work- March on Washington Movement Securing jobs Integration in military services Roosevelt’s response: No discrimination in employment or military Created the Fair Employment Practices Commission First Civil Rights agency from the government since the Reconstruction Era

Minorities and the Workforce Mexican farmworkers Federal government arranges for Mexicans to help with the harvest in the Southwest Barcero Program 200,000 Mexicans came to help with the harvest Built railroads as well Lasted until 1964

A Native on the Move 15 million Americans moved towards the factories jobs The growth in Southern California and the Deep South created a new region called the Sunbelt. Housing Crisis Thousands of workers arriving- Where do you put them? National Housing Agency- to coordinate government housing programs

Racism Leads to Violence Jobs opened up during WWII many African Americans moved to the jobs  Great Migration (North and West) Housing shortages Plumbing, trash, schools New groups lead to new tensions First Detroit Riot: June 20, 1943 Bell Isle 25 African Americans killed, 9 whites killed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YP9cbo5CkU

Warm Up 3-18 What was the goal of the Fair Employment Practices commission? What was the Great Migration? Difference between Sunbelt and Great Migration THINK: How did American people sacrifice during World War II? Are all Americans treated equally during this time?

Victory Suits Victory suit: No vest/no cuffs Goal: To save materials or ration cloth/material Everyone needs to do their part to cut back!

Zoot Suits Southern California Mostly Mexican Americans wore these suits Zoot suit: baggy unpatriotic Expensive/flashy

Zoot Suit Riots Rumors of Zoot-suiters attacking sailors Soldiers stormed into Mexican neighborhoods in L.A. Cut their hair, tore off their suits, and attacked the Mexican teenagers Police did NOT intervene How did the Mexican Americans feel? Zoot Suits were banned

Japanese American Relocation Some Americans felt threatened by Japanese Americans They would possibly be spies Would support if Japan invaded the west coast Backlash because of Pearl Harbor Members of Congress demanded that Japanese people be removed from the West Coast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgkNaK6fviA 1:30 What does this remind you of?

Japanese American Relocation 1942 FDR signed order Allowed military to declare any part of the United States a military zone and remove people Forced all Japanese Americans to move to internment camps Supreme Court upheld relocations

Japanese Relocation Camps Reparations were paid to any surviving Japanese American still alive- 1988 President Regan Does this make it ok?

Daily Life in Wartime Economics Materials were short in supply (tires, oil, meat)  very expensive/high prices Increased wages  higher demand for labor People are now making more money What is the economic problem the U.S. might have?

Goal: To control Inflation Price controls: Government controls the prices Rationing: Limited the purchase of  make sure there is enough for the military Victory Gardens: Grow your own food  cut back on spending Scrap Drives: Recycle metals  spend less money

Victory Gardens and Scrap Drives

Rationing: Blue Points-Red Points-Everyone Wins! Blue coupons(blue points)- controlled processed foods Red Coupons/points- controlled meats, fats, and oils Meat and Sugar Gasoline and driving distances SPEED LIMIT SET AT 35 mph!

What would you do if you wanted to buy a new car? What is the first thing you need to do if you wanted to buy a new Mustang? Loan New job/second job Cut spending How would a country finance a war? War bonds (loans) Increase taxes (getting a job) Rationing (cut spending)

Paying for the War Government Raised taxes But NOT enough to pay for the war War cost $300 billion  Added to national debt? To make up the difference government sells war bonds Buying bonds is a way to lend money to the government  repay bonds PLUS interest Americans bought $150 billion in bonds to help government pay for war Did not pay for it all- that is why we still have a national debt

What is the goal of this propaganda poster? Who is the audience?