Slide 1 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology

Slide 2 of 18 Studyhall Take out something to work on Work quietly Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 3 of 18 Bellringer: List 4 reasons for selective breeding Examples: Plants – grow faster for faster food production Cows/meat yield Racing animals *Take out RNV for 11.1/11.2/ /13.2 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 4 of 18 Reminder: There is a quiz over 11.3 today Review for your quiz Chapter 11 worksheet packet is due today Chapter 11 Lab is due today – we will have time to work on it (maybe 5-10 minutes) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 5 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 Changing the Living World

Slide 6 of 18 1) Explain the purpose of selective breeding. 2) Describe 2 techniques used in selective breeding a) hybridization b) inbreeding 3) List advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding 4) Discuss why breeders try to induce mutations as an attempt to increase genetic variation! a) discuss mutations – harmful/helpful/neutral 5) Describe mutations in organisms to help scientific/human needs Chapter 13.1 Objectives Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 7 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 8 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Selective Breeding What is the purpose of selective breeding?

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 9 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Selective Breeding Selective breeding allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation. Nearly all domestic animals and most crop plants have been produced by selective breeding. Also known as “artificial selection”

Slide 10 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 11 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 12 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Selective Breeding Humans use selective breeding to pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms. Think Pair Share List some reasons for selective breeding Examples: Plants – grow faster Cows/meat Racing animals

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 13 of 18 What are the methods of selective breeding with organisms? 1)Hybridization 2)Inbreeding Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 14 of 18 Traditional method for improving organism via selective breeding 1)Decide characteristics/traits 2)Choose parents with characteristics/breed them 3)Choose best offspring to breed 4)REPEAT until desired traits obtained Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 15 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Selective Breeding Hybridization Hybridization is the crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. Hybrids, the individuals produced by such crosses, are often hardier than either of the parents.

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 16 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 17 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 18 of 18 Liger Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 19 of 18 Zorse Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall A zebroid is the offspring of a cross between a zebra and any other equine, usually a horse or a donkey. There are zorses, zonkeys, zonies and a host of other combinations.

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 20 of 18 Beefalo Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 21 of 18 There are some naturally occurring hybrids also! -Grolar bear found in Canadian Artic -Wholphin- extremely rare! -Several species of sunflowers Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 22 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Selective Breeding Inbreeding Inbreeding is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics. Inbreeding helps to ensure that the characteristics that make each breed unique will be preserved. Serious genetic problems can result from excessive inbreeding.

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 23 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 24 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 25 of 18 Advantages/Disadvantages of selective breeding inbreeding vs. hybridization Think/Pair/Share Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 26 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Increasing Variation Why might breeders try to induce mutations?

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 27 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Increasing Variation Breeders increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations.

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 28 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Increasing Variation Mutations occur spontaneously, but breeders can increase the mutation rate by using radiation and chemicals. Breeders can often produce a few mutants with desirable characteristics that are not found in the original population. *mutations = ultimate source of genetic variability

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 29 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Increasing Variation Producing New Kinds of Bacteria Introducing mutations has allowed scientists to develop hundreds of useful bacterial strains, including bacteria that can clean up oil spills.

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 30 of 18 Producing New Kinds of Insects Introducing mutations has allowed scientists to attempt to sterilize some species of insect pests - has not yet been successful Ex: mosquitos – to help prevent the spread of Malaria Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13-1 Changing the Living World Slide 31 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Increasing Variation Producing New Kinds of Plants Mutations in some plant cells produce cells that have double or triple the normal number of chromosomes. This condition, known as polyploidy, produces new species of plants that are often larger and stronger than their diploid relatives. Polyploidy in animals is usually fatal.

- or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 32 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1

Slide 33 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 The usual function of selective breeding is to produce organisms that a.are better suited to their natural environment. b.have characteristics useful to humans. c.can compete with other members of the species that are not selected. d.are genetically identical.

Slide 34 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 Crossing a plant that has good disease- resistance with a plant that has a good food- producing capacity is an example of a.inbreeding. b.hybridization. c.polyploidy. d.crossing over.

Slide 35 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 New species of plants that are larger and stronger are a result of a.monoploidy. b.diploidy. c.polyploidy. d.triploidy.

Slide 36 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 The function of inbreeding is to produce organisms that a.are more genetically diverse. b.are much healthier. c.are genetically similar. d.will not have mutations.

Slide 37 of 18 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 Increasing variation by inducing mutations is particularly useful with a.animals. b.bacteria. c.plants. d.fungi.

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