Essential Questions What is an example of a vestigial organ? What scientist came up with an alternate evolution theory? Name Linnaeus’s classification system from largest to smallest

Warm Up Nov. 6 Three rules for binomial nomenclature. What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

Warm Up Nov. 6 Why do we not use common names? Why Is it important to classify animals? What is taxonomy?

Warm up Nov. 7 Give an example of a kingdom. What is the smallest category we discussed? What is a taxon?

Warm up Where does Archeabacteria live? What type of cell does bacteria have? What is a Domain?

Warm up Who generally has a higher metabolism, boys or girls? What happens to your metabolism as you get older? Give an example of how you could increase your metabolism.

Warm up Give two characteristics of the animal kingdom. What does motile mean? How many kingdoms are there?

Warm up If an animal is in the same order, it also has which other taxa in common? What is natural selection? Why do we use dichotomous keys?

Warm up Give an example of fungi. How do plant get their food? What does autotroph mean?

Classification

Finding Order in Diversity

Vocabulary Taxonomy Phylum Binomial Nomenclature Taxon Kingdom Species Genus Family Order Class

Warm Up Why do we classify? What is taxonomy?

Why Classify? Use to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. Taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms

Assigning Scientific Names Why common names are confusing. Felis concolor has 4 common names Mountain lion, a puma, a cougar, or a panther A common name can refer to 2 different species: example is buzzard – in the UK it refers to a hawk and in most of the US it refers to a vulture

Binomial nomenclature Developed by Linnaeus Two-word system to name organisms Are always in Latin and Must be italicized or underlined The first word (genus) is capitalized but the second word (descriptive term) is lowercase Turdus migratorius (American Robin)

Linnaeus’s System of Classification Taxon – each level within a naming system. (commonly memorized from largest to smallest) King Philip Came Over For Granny’s Spaghetti

Species Genus Family Organisms that look alike Successfully reproduce among themselves Genus Group of closely related species Family Group of closely related genera

Order Class Phylum/Divisions Kingdom Group of related families Group of related orders Phylum/Divisions Group of related classes Kingdom Group of related phyla

Essential Questions What are the rules of Binomial Nomenclature? What are the three domains? Why are common names confusing?

Essential Questions What is a species? What is the broadest classification in Linneaus’s system? What is the acronym for the system?

Vocabulary Dichotomous Key

Dichotomous Key Is a set of paired statements that can be used to identify organisms You choose one statement from each pair that best describes the organism At the end you will identify the name or what group the organism belongs to

Essential Questions What are the three domains? What class do we belong to? What information can you get from Homo sapien?

Modern Evolutionary Classification

Vocabulary Phylogeny Cladogram

Evolutionary Classification Phylogeny The evolutionary relationship among organisms Cladogram A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Phylogeny

Cladogram

Essention Questions What is a cladogram used for? If animals are in the same class, what other groups do they belong to? What is a phylogeny?

Kingdoms and Domains

Vocab. Domain Eukarya Bacteria Archaea

The Tree of Life Evolves The six-kingdom system of classification includes the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

The Three-Domain System Domain – a more inclusive category than any other – larger than a kingdom The 3 domains are: Eukarya (include protists, fungi, plants, and animals) Bacteria (corresponds to Eubacteria) Archaea (corresponds to Archaebacteria)

Essential Questions What are two differences between plants and animals? How does fungi get its nutrients? What does non-motile mean?

Warm Up What is an ecological footprint? What happened during the industrial revolution? Give an example of mutualism.

Domain Bacteria Corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria Contains all unicellular, prokaryotic cells Have thick, rigid cell walls Either heterotroph or autotroph Some need oxygen while others are killed by oxygen Example: Strepococcus, Escherichia coli

Domain Archaea Corresponds to kingdom Archaebacteria Contain all prokaryotic cells Live in some of the most extreme environments Volcanic hot springs, brine pools, black organic mud devoid of oxygen Most can survive only in the absence of oxygen Examples: Methanogens, halophiles

Domain Eukarya Consist of all organisms that have a nucleus Organized into 4 kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Protista Members display the greatest variety Most are unicellular but some are multicellular Either autotroph or heterotroph Examples: Amoeba, paramecium, giant kelp

Fungi A unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote Absorbs nutrients obtained by decomposing dead organisms and wastes in the environment Examples: Mushrooms, which are multicellular Yeasts, which are unicellular

Plantae Multicellular organisms that are photosynthetic autotrophs Nonmotile – cannot move from place to place Contain cell walls Includes cone-bearing and flowering plants, as well as mosses and ferns

Animalia Multicellular consumers that eat and digest other organisms for food Animal cells have no cell wall Most are motile for at least some part of their life cycle Incredible amount of diversity Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals Many exist in nearly every part of the planet