8.L.1 Understand the structure and hazards caused by agents of disease that effect living organisms.   8.L.1.1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease. B Barakat RMS 2013 Modified: P.McAven

What are microorganims? viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, and some fungi and algae.

Micro Organisms Characteristics of micro organisms Unicellular (single celled organisms) Microscopic Very diverse (lots of kinds)

A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites

Virus are not considered to be living Viruses Virus are not considered to be living but affect living things -- need a host cell non-living particles nucleic acid – DNA or RNA protein coat need a host cell Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body – 3 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

Cold Virus Viruses T-4 Virus infects Cell (40 sec) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41aqxcxsX2w

Viruses Invade healthy cells Reproduce Kill healthy cells

Viruses transmitted by human contact airborne

Viruses transmitted by insects

transmitted by water

Viruses Vaccines control/prevent

Examples of Common Viruses Influenza (Flu) Virus HIV / Aids Virus

Viruses HIV AIDS Virus Good to show shape of HIV & the incorporation into DNA (1 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Csh94TGySQ

Viruses Polio Virus

Viruses Chicken Pox Virus

Viruses Yellow Fever Virus

Viral Meningitis Virus Viruses Viral Meningitis Virus

West Nile Virus Viruses Mosquito bite Redesigning Mosquitos (the deadlist animal - 15 min – see beginning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpsRAk5HpK4

Viruses Ebola Virus

Viruses SARS Virus severe acute respiratory syndrome

Viruses Summary Non-living – need living host cell Nucleic acid & protein coat Invade healthy cells & reproduce Cause disease Spread by human contact, insects, air, water Affect different human body systems Are controlled by vaccines

Virus Reproduction – mutates into the cell’s DNA to make copies Lysogenic Cycle

Virus takes over the cell, reproduce, burst out of the cell. Repeat. Lytic Cycle

T-4 Virus infects Cell (40 sec) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41aqxcxsX2w Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body – 3 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ Good to show shape of HIV & the incorporation into DNA (1 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Csh94TGySQ Hepitatis virus enters cell (beginning) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI5t0PbgnBk Redesigning Mosquitos (the deadlist animal - 15 min – see beginning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpsRAk5HpK4

BACTERIA

A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites

Bacteria Characteristics of Bacteria Prokaryotic, Unicellular (single celled) Live in O2, without O2, in extreme conditions

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

Classification by Kingdom Virus   Bacteria (2) Protist Fungi Plants Animals NOT living need live host Microscopic Prokaryotic Cell Unicellular Eukariotic Cell Multicellular Visible to naked eye

Unicellular Multicellular Many cells Specialized cells the whole organism is one cell Single-celled Unicellular

Bacteria Grow / Spread Cell grows Copies its DNA or RNA Stretches Splits into 2 identical cells Binary fission Under ideal conditions Reproduce VERY quickly Bacteria Reproduction – how fast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_K7qBPaQrw

Bacteria 1 Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria (silent) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_eKoX32_Yw

Bacteria Transmission Direct/Indirect Contact By Droplet Transmission sneezing, coughing, surfaces Environmental Sources mostly in warm moist areas

Bacteria Treatment by Antibiotics Some bacteria cells are resistant, survive, reproduce, new strain of illness.

Bacteria Common Diseases caused by Bacteria

Bacteria Rabies

Bacteria Lyme Disease

Bacteria bacterial meningitis Transmitted person to person outbreak How bacterial meningitis affects the body – 1 min – enters blood stream http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OayQEFV0vJA

Bacteria Leprosy

Bacteria Summary Prokaryotic (no nucleus) Microscopic -- Unicellular Lack chlorophyll Found everywhere in air, soil, water, and inside of your body and on your skin Multiply rapidly Transmitted by contact, droplets, moist areas Treated with antibiotics

Bacteria classified based on shape spherical rodlike spiral

How bacterial meningitis affects the body – 1 min – enters blood stream http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OayQEFV0vJA Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria (silent) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_eKoX32_Yw 13 sec http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQr61SOeXTg Bacteria Reproduction – how fast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_K7qBPaQrw

Fungi

A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites

Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotic cell Heterotrophs (eat other organisms to get & use Σ non-photosynthetic multi-cellular

Fungi Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

Unicellular Multicellular Many cells Specialized cells the whole organism is one cell Single-celled Unicellular

Fungi asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self Reproduce - (make more to spread) 1. by spores asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self

Fungi asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self Reproduce - (make more to spread) 1. by spores asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self

Fungi sexual reproduction – 2 parents – offspring has combo of traits variation – survival technique

Fungi Asexual Sexual Fungi Reproduction in ideal conditions faster, easier   less favorable conditions Better chances of being adapted to current conditions Outcome Identical organism Variety of traits in offspring

Sexual Reproduction -Variation in offspring -Some are more likely to be better adapted Survival of the Fittest

Sexual Reproduction -Variation in offspring -Some are more likely to be better adapted Survival of the Fittest

Fungi Airborne Transmission imagine it like this

Fungi Fungi attack plants & humans our food source Fungi that attack plants are competing with us for the food source / nutrition.

Fungi Fungi attack plants & humans our food source Fungi that attack plants are competing with us for the food source / nutrition.

Fungi Fungi attack plants & humans athletes foot

Fungi Fungi treatment anti-fungal powders, sprays, creams

Fungi Summary Eukaryotic cell multi-cellular Heterotrophs - eat other organisms to get & use Σ non-photosynthetic Reproduce asexually (spores) Reproduce sexually Airborne transmission Fungi attack plants & humans

Protists // Parasites

A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites

Protist // Parasite Are Protists Feed on another individual (called the host) Live on or in their host’s body Highly specialized Reside in intestines, bloodstream or tissues

Protist // Parasite Tape worm – affixes to small intestine has no digestive system absorbs nutrients thru its skin

Protist // Parasite

Protist // Parasite

Protist // Parasite How you get parasites: eat foods that have parasites (well-done cooking kills them)

Protist // Parasite “Well done, please”

Protist // Parasite

Protist // Parasite

Protist // Parasite Attacks blood cells Can’t take in O2 Can’t make ATP (Σ)

Protist // Parasite Malaria So many protists in blood cells – cause them to burst chills, fevers ulcers diarrhea

Protist /Parasite Summary Feed on another individual (called the host) Live on or in their host’s body Highly specialized Reside in intestines, bloodstream or tissues Transmit from animal to human host

Other Vocabulary Vectors - an insect or any living carrier that transmits an infectious agent.. Carrier - an individual who serves as host for an infectious agent but who does not show any apparent signs of the illness; may serve as a source of infection for others.