Essential Question: Describe the structure and function of the major parts in plant and animal cells

Prokaryotic Cells Found only in one-celled organisms such as bacteria Have NO membrane-bound structure

Eukaryotic Cells Found in protists, fungi, plants, & animals They HAVE membrane-bound structures

Tough, rigid outer coverings that protect the cell and give it shape. Cell Wall Tough, rigid outer coverings that protect the cell and give it shape.

Cell Membrane Protective layer around all cells Regulates interactions between the cell and the environment

Cytoplasm Gelatin-like substance that flows inside the cell membrane Important chemical reactions occur here

Organelles Found in eukaryotic cells Can process energy, manufacture substances, move and store material.

Directs all cell activities Contains hereditary material made of DNA. Nucleus Directs all cell activities Contains hereditary material made of DNA.

Nucleolus Located in the nucleus, this organelle is made up of RNA and protein

Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells Green organelles that capture light energy used to make glucose

Mitochondria Organelles where energy is released from breaking down food into carbon dioxide and water

Ribosomes Make proteins needed in the cell for cell membranes and chemical reactions

Endoplasmic Reticulum A series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Has no attached ribosomes Processes cellular substances such as lipids that store energy

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Has attached ribosomes that make proteins

Golgi Bodies Stacked, flattened membranes that sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles

Lysosomes Contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts.

Vacuole This expanding and contracting organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste

Vesicle Round structures that contain materials such as molecules and ions, and their job is to transport these materials within the cell.

Centrioles Cylindrical structures that are arranged in a bundle. During cell division (mitosis), the centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Chromosomes line up along the spindle that forms between the centrioles.

Chromosomes Made up of folded and twisted strands of DNA, which contains instructions for making proteins Only visible when the cell is undergoing cell division (mitosis), where they line up along the center of the cell and are pulled toward the centrioles located at opposite ends of the cell.