The Microbial World Chapters 5, 15. The Marine Environment.

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Presentation transcript:

The Microbial World Chapters 5, 15

The Marine Environment

Plankton Collection

Plankton Classification Megaplankton cm Macroplankton 2-20 cm Mesoplankton mm Microplankton μm Nanoplankton 2-20 μm Picoplankton μm

Metabolism Metabolism- all chemical reactions that occur in an organism. Autotrophic- requiring carbon dioxide and a source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules (glucose). –Photoautotrophs- absorb light energy from the sun. –Chemoautotrophs- derive energy from chemical compounds. Heterotrophic- requiring complex organic compounds; obtains energy by consuming organic matter.

Bacteria and Archaea

Photosynthetic Prokaryotes Kingdom- Bacteria –Phylum- Cyanophyta

Cyanophyta Characteristics Examples- Oscillatoria, Synechococcus, Synechocystis.

Cyanobacterial Cell

Cyanophyta- Gram Negative Bacteria Gram positive- peptidoglycan layer; stains with crystal violet. Gram negative- peptidoglycan layer sandwiched by lipopolysaccharide and protein layers; does not stain with crystal violet.

Global O 2 from photosynthesis 80% comes from marine cyanobacteria. –Synechococcus –Synechocystis 20% comes from terrestrial systems. –5% of this comes from tropical rainforests.

Stromatolites

Archaea Prokaryotic Extremophiles –Hydrothermal vents –Hypersaline basins –Highly acidic env. –Highly alkaline env.

Photosynthetic Protista (the algae) Dinophyta- dinoflagellates. Haptophyta- haptophytes. Heterokontophyta- heterokont algae. –Xanthophyceae- yellow- green algae. –Bacillariophyceae- diatoms.

Dinophyta- dinoflagellates Characteristics Examples- Ceratium, Pfiesteria.

Pfiesteria piscicida

Haptophyta- haptophytes Characteristics Examples- Prymnesium, Phaeocystis.

Heterokontophyta- heterokonts

Xanthophyceae- yellow-green algae Characteristics Examples- Vaucheria.

Bacillariophyceae- diatoms Characteristics Examples- Coscinodiscus, Chaetoceros.

Frustule Morphology

The Protozoans Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferans. Polycystina- radiolarians. Ciliophora- ciliates.

Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferans Characteristics Example- Globigerina.

Pink Beaches of Bermuda

Polycystina- radiolarians Characteristics Example- Hexacontium.

Various Radiolarians

Ciliophora- ciliates Characteristics Examples- Strombilidium, Tintinnopsis.

Fig. 5.14

Kingdom Fungi Characteristics Example- Aspergillus.