Do Now What is the field of view in mm and in um? What would the Amoeba look like under high power?

Do Now What is the approximate size of this cell? (what if 4 cells across?) (8 cells?) What is the smallest unit of life? Why? What would you do to center this image?  A B

DO NOW How do you create a wet mount? How would you add a stain/dye? Explain what to do going from low to high power. What happens to your field of view?

Cells Cells, Levels of Organization, Cell Theory, Plant Cell, Animal Cell, Organelles, Types of Organelles

What are they? What is LIFE made of? Cells What are they? What is LIFE made of?

What is a Cell? Living things might be made up of billions or trillions of cells. These are multicellular organisms. A living thing may be made up of one cell. Just like this unicellular Amoeba.

The Cell Theory What Exactly are Cells All cells carry on life functions New cells arise from other living cells – not from nonliving matter All life is made of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Cell Theory Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU 3 Who came up with the term cell? What was he looking at under his microscope? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU 6

Exceptions to the Cell Theory Viruses are not cells They contain genetic material But they need another cell to inject their genetic material into in order to reproduce The first cell could not have arisen from a previously existing cell Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are cell organelles that contain their own genetic material. They can reproduce independently of the cell

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things You are completely made up of cells According to National Geographic, you are made up of about 37.2 trillion cells (not counting microbes)!! Cells are the smallest living structure that carries out life processes Cells come together to make more complex structures… Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organisms

How Big is a Cell Compared to Atoms, Tissues and Organs?

Levels of Organization Atom Molecule Two or more atoms together Organelle Inside a cell Cell Tissue Collection of similar cells Organ Collection of tissues joined to serve a common function Organ System Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task Organism

Construct a Hierarchy of Organization Cell Organ Molecule Atom Organism Tissue Organelle Organ System

Recap What is the Cell Theory? What are some exceptions?

Ok, We know how organelles, cells, tissues and organs are organized…. But what is all that stuff in cells that we mentioned? ORGANELLES

So what are Organelles? Scientists observed many small structures located inside the cell called “ORGANELLES” Organelles literally means “Little Organs”

So what are Organelles? Organelles perform all the life functions that keep the cell alive Just like our organs perform our life functions keeping us alive We are a bunch of cells put together. So we share the same needs as cells. Cells need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport… We need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…

Lets look at Organelles!

First there are 2 major Types of Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

Typical Animal Cell

Typical Plant Cell

The Nucleus The Director tells everyone on a movie set what to do The nucleus is the command center Nucleus directs the synthesis of proteins in the cell Contains DNA (Genetic Material) Nucleolus – nuclear organelle that makes ribosomes

The Mighty Mitochondria I need energy to run a marathon! I need energy to life all this weight! Power house of cell Site of aerobic cellular respiration Where ATP (energy) is produced

Ribosomes Protein factory Site of protein synthesis Example: a hormone (insulin)

Vacuole Plant Cell Vacuole Animal Vacuole Vacuole = stores various materials such as water, wastes and food What do you notice about plant vacuoles?

Centriole ONLY in ANIMAL CELLS Play a part in cell division Cylinder shaped

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are found ONLY in PLANT CELLS They are the site of Photosynthesis (energy is made) If you look at chloroplasts up close, they look like they have stacks of pancakes in them

Cell Wall Rigid structure found ONLY in PLANT CELLS Cell Wall Close Up Rigid structure found ONLY in PLANT CELLS Gives plant cell its shape and used for protection Plant cells have a plasma membrane and cell wall

Cell Membrane: Plasma Membrane Selective Permeability: Allows certain material to pass through the cell membrane only In BOTH PLANT and ANIMAL cells

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes Breaks down cellular garbage food vacuoles waste vacuoles damaged organelles

Golgi Apparatus Warehouse of the cell (like the UPS) Flattened membrane sacks that package, store and release molecules to the outside of a cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Used to transport materials throughout the cell Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - has ribosomes attached to its surface Synthesizes proteins that will leave cell Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – no ribosomes attached to its surface Synthesizes material for the inside the cell & cell membrane

Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance that fills most of the cell Mostly made of water The “medium” or fluid between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Let’s Compare Animal to Plant Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells

Label the parts of the animal cell

Label the parts of the plant cell

Life Function – Organelle – Organ System

Does Every Cell Have Organelles?

Cell Categories

Prokaryotic Cells Pro = before karyon = nucleus Earliest type of cell NO membrane bound NUCLEUS NO membrane bound ORGANELLES Relatively small ( 5 to 10 um) Include all bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells Eu = “True” Karyon = “Nucleus” HAS membrane bound NUCLEUS HAS membrane bound ORGANELLES Includes all plants, animals, fungi

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Check Point What is a cell? Cell Theory: Levels of organization: What is an organelle? Do all cells have organelles? Two major types of cells: