MODULE FOUR Objectives: Students will learn to identify moderate risks driving environments, space management, roadway positions, turning rules, and parking maneuvers Topics covered are: Risk Assessment—determine roadway position and establish vehicle speed Space Management and Lane Changes—utilize space management concepts (search, evaluate, execute) Turnabouts and Parking—ability to select and safely execute turnabouts and park

Risk Assessment Risk acceptance is a natural part of driving—risks are always present and the compensation involves: Recognizing potential errors Making appropriate adjustments A driver often makes 50-60 decisions per minute in city traffic driving Studies indicate that drivers who do not wear safety belts tend to take more risks while driving than drivers wearing seat belts Two factors that drivers cannot control in risk management are: Roadway Environment

Space Management Before moving the vehicle—search—evaluate—and execute—visibility, space and time are the drivers best defenses against risks It is better to back out of traffic than to back into traffic Drivers need space management because—they often do not perceive the risks that are present and they do not anticipate potential problems SEEit (Search, Evaluate, and Execute In Time)—is a space management system, a decision-making, and a judgment level of the driving process Execute means to decide what to do, determine options, look for escapes, and carry out your plan

Space Management Field of vision—the area around the vehicle that you can see while looking straight ahead You should look 20-30 seconds ahead of your car for an open path of travel You should signal at least 4 seconds before a turn--the correct steering for turns is push/pull slide (hand to hand) When turning to the right, you should look at a target in your path of travel The proper position to begin a right turn is 3 feet from the curb

Lane Change and Positions The red vehicle (Car A) should turn into Lane One. Always turn into the lane that is closest to you. The diagram represents an Open Zone for the red car. The Car A in the middle lane has a closed white zone The diagram in the middle lane has a changing front zone. The RED car was “cut off” by the blue car, so he needs to take an evasive action. In the diagram, the RED car (A) should change lanes to the right in order to avoid the silver car.

Mirror Settings Always check and adjust mirror settings, whether using the traditional or contemporary mirror settings to frame the entire rear window before you move the vehicle – when you get in! When using contemporary mirror settings, space 4 would be seen in the rear view mirror When setting the driver’s side view mirror using the contemporary setting, the driver should Lean your head against the left-side window Be able to see the lane beside the car when sitting correctly to drive Be able to see a little of the vehicle in side view mirror when your head is learned against the left side window

Different Types of Turning Rules When choosing a spot for a turnabout, you should have at least 500 feet of visibility A two-point turn is similar to backing into a driveway to turn around In limited space with no driveways available, you may need to execute a three point-turn A no left turn signal also prohibits a U turn. A car turning left with a green light must yield to oncoming traffic. “Turn” always yields to “Straight.”

Parking Angle Parking When angle parking, the driver begins steering when the steering wheel is aligned with the first line of the space When parallel parking, you should begin 2-3 feet from the car you want to park behind When parallel parking to the right, steer hard right, move back until you are at a 45 degree angle, and you can see the right headlight of the vehicle behind in your side view mirror NOTE: Parallel parking is not part of your drivers test! When parking uphill or downhill with a curb—turn your wheels into the curb