Remember concept maps?
Concept Map: Objective: learn to link terms with ideas covered in class Terms: carbohydrate, simple carb, fast carbs, added sugar, natural sugar, lactose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, complex carb, slow carbs, fiber, glycogen, starch, grains, honey, soda, plain yogurt, fruit, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen Practice: Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms. dietary carbohydrates
Dietary Carbohydrate Simple carb fast Complex carb slow Fructose Glucose blood glucose Lactose Sucrose Honey candy soda Added sugar Fruit Natural sugar FiberStarch & Fiber Veg, grains, grain by-products Milk, plain yogurt Natural sugar Glycogen Our storage form of glucose No glycogen in food Fruit
Blood Sugar Lows and Highs
Tools for Control-Overview Insulin Protein based, pancreatic hormone Acts like a key to let glucose into cells Lowers blood glucose level (BSL) Glucagon Protein based, pancreatic hormone Raises BSL by breaking down glycogen Goal BSL ~ mg % …or TROUBLE
dizzy, confused sweaty, rapid heart rate grouchy, anxious Low blood sugar
Hypoglycemia (Low BSL) Acute danger but uncommon condition Need glucose in blood 24/7 Treatment simple carb (sugars) immediately Preventing hypoglycemia No meal skipping Include healthy complex carb/protein at meals Limit simple and reduce/avoid‘added’sugar
What happens….??? Diabetes!
Diabetes Projections: 2000 to 2030
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Hyperglycemia (high fasting BSL) Cause: not enough or ineffective Insulin Result: too much sugar in blood-not enough in cell Consequence: cells/tissues are glucose starved chronic inflammation occurs blood lipids and pressure rise, arteries harden tissue/cell function declines
DM: A chronic, progressive disease Common consequences Heart disease (#1 cause-diabetic deaths) Blindness Amputations Kidney disease
Renal Dialysis
Classifications of Diabetes Type 1 Uncommon Inadequate insulin Treatment requires insulin healthy diet regular exercise
Classifications of Diabetes Type 2 Majority of cases Ineffective insulin Treatment: Medical pills/injections Lifestyle diet/exercise/stress mgt.
Trickle in healthy carbs thru day No meal skipping Limit added sugar Replace saturated (animal) with unsat. (plant) fats Achieve a healthy weight Quit smoking Daily exercise Managing BSL: your ideas?
Concept Map: Terms: blood sugar (glucose), hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, glucagon, insulin, Type 1 diabetes (DM), Type 2 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin. Note: You can use descriptors along your arrows e.g. increases, decreases, released, etc. Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms. Blood Sugar Level
Blood Sugar (glucose) Level HyperglycemiaHypoglycemia Glucagon released Inadequate Insulin Ineffective insulin DM Type 1DM Type 2 Release liver glycogen BSL Concept Map: controlling BSL Insulin released BSL