2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Essential questions What are the structures of blood? What are the structures of the circulatory system? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system Blood Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Plasma Straw-colored liquid 55% of the blood’s volume Water Plasma proteins Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Waste products Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Centrifuged Blood *When a blood sample is centrifuged (spun down) the blood components will separate, making it easy to identify the plasma and erythrocytes. Plasma Erythrocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Erythrocytes *(Red Blood Cell) *Biconcave disk *Contains hemoglobin-carries oxygen to the tissue and carries carbon dioxide away; gives RBC’s their red color. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Leukocytes (white blood cells) Larger than erythrocytes *Ameboid in shape Five types *Granular or agranular 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Agranulocytes (non-granular) Lymphocytes-protect against formation of cancer cells. Monocytes-assist in phagocytosis (surround, engulf and digest bacteria). 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils-phagocytosis Eosinophils-phagocytosis, and also increase during allergic reactions. Basophils-activated during allergic reactions, inflammatory processes. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Thrombocytes (platelets) *Smallest of solid components of blood Made in red marrow *Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes *Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Life span of blood cells... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Blood types Inherited from parents What are the types of blood? Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Check your knowledge of medical history... In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Blood types Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with *type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with *type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies Universal Donor = O Universal recipient= AB 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Rh factor If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Did you know??? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system Heart Did you know your heart is the size of your fist? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Heart Can you identify the structures of the heart? The heart is a double pump. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Heart Check your knowledge... Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Apex 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system STRUCTURES OF THE HEART: ~15. SEPTUM-thick, muscular wall that separates the right half and left half of the heart. ~APEX-the tip of the heart, lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body; (the best place to listen to the heartbeat). 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 25

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 14. Oxygenated Blood: High in oxygen 7.Deoxygenated Blood: Poor in oxygen 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 1.A. SUPERIOR VENA CAVA- large (vein)ous vessel that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the UPPER body to the right atrium. 1.B. INFERIOR VENA CAVA- large (vein)ous vessel that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the LOWER body to the right atrium. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 27

takes DEOXYGENATED blood away from the right ventricle 6. PULMONARY ARTERY- takes DEOXYGENATED blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygen. 8. PULMONARY VEINS- carries OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the left atrium. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 28

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2. *Right ATRIUM/9. Left ATRIUM- UPPER chambers of the heart. *4.Right VENTRICLE/11.Left VENTRICLE- LOWER chambers of the heart. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 29

VALVES- allow blood to flow in one direction ONLY 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system *3. TRICUSPID VALVE-located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. *10. BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE-located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. 5. PULMONARY VALVE- between right ventricle & pulmonary artery 12. AORTIC VALVE- between the left ventricle & Aorta 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 13. AORTA-takes OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the left ventricle to rest of the body; largest artery in body. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 32

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Heart Check your knowledge... Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Apex 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 33

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Layers of the heart Left atrium Right atrium Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Right ventricle Left ventricle 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Layers of the heart: ~Pericardium-outside covering. ~Myocardium-cardiac muscle; makes up major portion of the heart. ~Endocardium-inner lining of the heart; covers valves and lines vessels. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 35

Conduction system of heart beats Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Conduction system of heart beats Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat. Sinoatrial (SA) node-”pacemaker” of the heart; sends an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heartbeat; causes the atria to contract. Atrioventricular (AV) node-located between the atria and ventricle. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 37

Conduction system of heart beats *Purkinje fibers-located in the ventricles and cause the ventricles to contract. Cardiac cycle-one complete heartbeat; each cycle takes 0.8 seconds. Average heart rate: 72-80 beats per minute Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 38

Structures of the circulatory system ARTERIES 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES *Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries *Elastic, strong, muscular and thick-walled to transport blood under very high pressure Arteries > arterioles > capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Vessels of the circulatory system Arteries Arterial blood Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system VEINS 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS *Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart Veins > Venules > Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Vessels of the circulatory system Veins Venous blood Oxygen poor Dark crimson, oozes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Vessels of the circulatory system Identify the major arteries. Identify the major veins. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system Capillaries The smallest blood vessels *Connect arterioles to venules where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system Trace the flow of blood through the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Flow of blood through the body Oxygenated blood to the Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta *Systemic Circulation (providing entire body with nutrients) Deoxygenated blood to the Right side: Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Pulse sites Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. Radial Temporal Brachial Ulnar Facial Carotid Popliteal Femoral tibialis dorsalis pedis 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Common pulse sites Practice locating pulse sites... Dorsalis-top of foot 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system