11 The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.1: Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2: Regulation of the Heart Lesson 11.3: Blood Vessels and Circulation Lesson 11.4: Heart Disease

Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.1 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System

Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System the heart: location and size the four chambers of the heart the heart valves blood flow through the heart walls of the heart cardiac cycle cardiac output

The Heart: Location and Size thoracic cavity above diaphragm between lungs size of a clenched fist weighs 8–12 ounces

The Heart: Location and Size

The Four Chambers of the Heart right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

The Heart Valves atrioventricular (AV) valves semilunar valves tricuspid bicuspid (mitral) semilunar valves pulmonary aortic

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: tricuspid, thoracic cavity, ventricle, aortic. 1. atrioventricular valve 2. semilunar valve 3. location of heart 4. heart chamber

Blood Flow through the Heart (1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium (2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle (3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery (4) blood exits to the lungs

Blood Flow through the Heart (continued) (5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium (6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle (7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve (8) blood passes to the aorta (9) blood travels out to parts of the body

Blood Flow through the Heart

Walls of the Heart epicardium myocardium endocardium outermost layer middle layer endocardium inner layer

Cardiac Cycle diastole systole mean arterial pressure ventricle relax, atria contract systole ventricles contract, atria relax mean arterial pressure overall pressure within cardiovascular system

Cardiac Output amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute stroke volume amount of blood pumped in 1 beat heart rate number of beats per minute

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The ventricles contract in diastole. 2. Stroke volume is measured in beats/minute. 3. The epicardium is the inner heart layer. 4. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 5. The aortic valve is in the left ventricle.

Regulation of the Heart Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2 Regulation of the Heart

Regulation of the Heart internal control of the heart external control the conduction system

Internal Control of the Heart sinoatrial node pacemaker sends electrical impulse tells heart to beat 60–100 bpm

External Control of the Heart the cardiac center sympathetic nerve system speeds up parasympathetic nerve system slows down the endocrine system some hormones speed up

The Conduction System SA node AV node bundle of His bundle branches–right and left Purkinje fibers

Electrocardiogram ECG or EKG electrical activity of the heart depolarize–contract repolarize–relax

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: parasympathetic, EKG, SA node, sympathetic. 1. speed up 2. slow down 3. pacemaker 4. electrical activity of the heart

Cardiac Arrhythmias normal contractility condition sinus rhythm abnormal contractility condition arrhythmia ventricle or atria contraction is not normal

Cardiac Arrhythmias bradycardia tachycardia slow heart beat tachycardia fast heart beat premature atrial contraction (PACs) atria contracts before SA node

Cardiac Arrhythmias atrial fibrillation atria contract faster than 350 bpm premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) ventricles contract too soon ventricular tachycardia (VT) ventricles, rather than SA node, cause beat

Cardiac Arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation (VF) heart block ventricles contract faster than 350 bpm heart block impulse from SA node to AV node first–impulse delayed second–intermittently blocked third–completely blocked

Defibrillators and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias automatic external defibrillator (AED) electric shock stops heart allows heart to start normal rhythm anyone can use one

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or Defibrillator. 1. _______________ is fast heart beat. 2. _______________ is slow heart beat. 3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm. 4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset.

Blood Vessels and Circulation Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.3 Blood Vessels and Circulation

Blood Vessels and Circulation blood vessels: the transport network circulation: moving blood around the body taking vital signs know your numbers

Blood Vessels: The Transport Network structure and function of vessels

The Three Layers of Blood Vessels tunica intima innermost layer tunica media middle layer tunica externa outermost layer

Differences between Arteries and Veins

Capillaries exchange vessels capillary bed precapillary sphincters gas moves between tissue and blood capillary bed network of exchange vessels precapillary sphincters close off capillary bed as needed

Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body cardiopulmonary circulation between heart and lungs systemic circulation between heart and body

Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Systemic circulation moves blood to lungs. 2. Capillaries are exchange vessels. 3. The tunica intima is the innermost layer. 4. Arteries move blood away from the heart. 5. Veins move blood toward the heart.

Cardiac Circulation coronary arteries left right coronary sinus

Hepatic Portal Circulation maintains proper levels in the blood carbohydrate fat protein

Arteries

Veins

Fetal Circulation placenta vena cava right atrium foramen ovale right ventricle ductus arteriosus

Taking Vital Signs taking your pulse measuring blood pressure find radial, carotid or brachial artery count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4 measuring blood pressure stethoscope, sphygmomanometer systolic/diastolic pressure Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com

Know Your Numbers weight blood pressure cholesterol body mass index–weight to height blood pressure systolic/diastolic–110/70 mmHg cholesterol LDLs and HDLs

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: foramen ovule, cholesterol, pulse, blood pressure. 1. systolic/diastolic 2. fetal circulation 3. LDLs and HDLs 4. carotid artery

Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.4 Heart Disease

Heart Disease valve abnormalities diseases ending in -itis heart failure diseases of the arteries

Heart Disease heart attack hypertension peripheral vascular disease stroke

Valve Abnormalities heart murmurs valvular stenosis valves do not close properly valvular stenosis narrowed, stiff heart valve mitral valve prolapse mitral valve does not fully close palpitations

Diseases Ending in -itis pericarditis inflammation of heart sac myocarditis inflammation of heart muscle endocarditis inflammation of heart lining and valves

Heart Failure heart cannot pump blood fluid backs up in lungs liver limbs gastrointestinal tract

Diseases of the Arteries aneurysms weakened artery bulges, may break coronary artery disease atherosclerosis angina pectoris ischemia

Heart Attack myocardial infarction treatment plaque blocks a cardiac artery treatment aspirin as soon as symptoms appear 20–60 minute window for treatment

Heart Attack

Heart Disease hypertension peripheral vascular disease stroke blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg peripheral vascular disease lack of circulation in legs stroke blockage of brain blood flow ischemic stroke hemorrhagic stroke transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Hypertension is 120/80 mmHg. 2. Aspirin helps in a heart attack. 3. An aneurysm is a weakened artery. 4. Myocarditis affects the heart wall. 5. In a heart murmur the valves do not close properly.