Warm-Up List two reasons the United States should be involved in other countries affairs. - OR- List two reasons the United States should not be involved in other countries affairs

America Claims an Empire Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory, engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.

Imperialism and America Section 1 Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand.

Imperialism policy of extending control over weaker nations In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, compete for China Japan joins race for China U.S. decides to expand overseas – “if you can’t beat ‘em join ‘em”

Imperialism Three Factors Fueled American Imperialism 1) Desire for military strength 2) Thirst for new markets 3) Belief in cultural superiority

Imperialism Desire for Military Strength U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power Built the Maine and the Oregon

Imperialism Thirst for New Markets U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume – surplus Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression

Economic Objective of Imperialism Favorable Balance of Trade - Exporting more than you import Reason: America was looking for new world markets, RAW MATERIALS. America achieves this and becomes a world economic power

Imperialism Belief in Cultural Superiority Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons Argue U.S. has duty to “Christianize” and “civilize” the “inferior peoples”

Imperialism Alaska William Seward —Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson

Imperialism Alaska 1867, Seward arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly” Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil

Imperialism The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii Hawaii used as rest stop 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor becomes refueling station

Imperialism The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii 75% of wealth is American sugar plantations 1890 McKinley Tariff – Tax of imported goods Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so it will not have to pay tax

Imperialism The End of a Monarchy 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to “rich landowners” Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement

Imperialism The End of a Monarchy With help of marines, business groups overthrow queen Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole McKinley declares Hawaii U.S. territory – August 12, 1898

The Spanish-American War In 1898, the United States goes to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.

Cuba Libre! Cuba’s War for Independence José Martí—poet, journalist—launches second revolution in 1895 (first 1868-1878) U.S. public opinion split: business wants to support Spain – sugar plantations others favor Cuban cause

Americans had long been interested in Cuba

Cuba Libre! Spain Takes Action 1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to Cuba to restore order Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps

Cuba Libre! Yellow Journalism Sensational writing used to lure, enrage readers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst exploit “Butcher” Weyler Hearst said, “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”

Cuba Libre! Yellow Journalism The de Lôme Letter Private letter by Spanish minister to the US Enrique Dupuy de Lôme published – New York Journal calls McKinley weak, swayed by public Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns; American public angry

Cuba Libre! The U.S.S. Maine Explodes U.S.S. Maine sent to pick up U.S. citizens, protect U.S. property Ship blows up in Havana harbor; newspapers blame Spain

Spanish-American War The U.S. Declares War Spain agrees to most U.S. demands, public opinion still favors war Remember the Maine U.S. declares war April 1898

Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War The War in the Philippines First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines Commodore George Dewey/ Emilio Aguinaldo defeat Spanish troops Aug. 1898

Buffalo Soldier: Bob Marley If you know your history, Then you would know where you coming from, Then you wouldn’t have to ask me, Who the heck do I think I am. Said he was a buffalo soldier win the war for America; Buffalo soldier, dreadlock Rasta, Fighting on arrival, fighting for survival; Driven from the mainland to the heart of the Caribbean. Troddin through San Juan in the arms of America; Troddin through Jamaica, a buffalo soldier- Fighting on arrival, fighting for survival: Buffalo soldier, dreadlock rasta.

Spanish-American War Rough Riders Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill Exaggerated Two African American Regiments did most of the work that preceded them

Spanish-American Wars Treaty of Paris Spain, U.S. sign armistice August 1898; meet in Paris to make treaty Spain frees Cuba; hands Guam, Puerto Rico to U.S.; sells Philippines $20 million

Spanish-American War Debate over the Treaty Treaty of Paris touches off great debate over imperialism McKinley tries to justify annexation of Philippines on moral grounds – “need to Christianize them” AKA “White Mans Burdon”

Acquiring New Lands In the early 1900s, the United States engages in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines.

Puerto Rico Then During Spanish-American War, Americans occupy Puerto Rico under military control PR strategic as post in Caribbean, for protection of “future canal” 1900 set up civil government 1917 Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens

Puerto Rico Today Reject statehood and independence; Afraid of losing Latino culture Want to be a commonwealth US Citizens Can move freely from PR to States Can be drafted Can not vote in US Elections Man holds flag with 51 stars

Cuba After war U.S. occupies Cuba; US puts same officials in office as Spain American military government helps rebuild the country

Cuba Platt Amendment American Interests U.S. makes Cuba add to its 1901 constitution No treaties with foreign power U.S. has right to intervene U.S. can buy, lease land for navy American Interests Tobacco, sugar, mining Becomes a protectorate for 31 years – affairs partially controlled by a stronger nation

Philippine-American War Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris $20 Million deal Call for independence 1899 Emilio Aguinaldo

Philippine-American War Opinion Split White U.S. soldiers see Filipinos as inferior Black troops troubled at spreading prejudice 20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence July 4, 1946, Philippines become independent

Argument over Imperialism The Anti-Imperialist League McKinley’s election confirms most Americans favor imperialism Anti-Imperialist League has prominent people from different fields Goes against Declaration of Independence Booker T. Washington – Settle race relations here before taking social problems elsewhere Samuel Gompers – Afraid Filipinos would compete for jobs Andrew Carnegie – We are doing fine

Teddy Roosevelt and the World

Teddy Roosevelt and the World Panama owned by Columbia Panama Rebellion U.S. gives military aid U.S. pays $10 million for Canal Zone and rent for $250,000 a year

Teddy Roosevelt and the World Constructing the Canal Construction of canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats fight diseases, geographic obstacles at height, 43,400 workers employed 5,600 die

Construction on the Panama Canal

Panama Canal

Teddy Roosevelt and the World The Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt fears European intervention Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out Roosevelt Corollary—U. S. to use force to protect economic interests