Breeds of Horses IMS #8894

Overview Many uses have brought about great variety Work horses - large, heavily muscled Speed horses - refined, longer legged Various gaits - ease in riding or pulling

Objectives Identify classes, breeds, and types of horses Discuss origins, descriptions, and uses of breeds of horses Locate addresses of horse breed registries

Classes, Breeds, and Types Common origin Possess certain well-fixed, distinctive, uniformly, transmitted characteristics not common to other horses

Classes, Breeds, and Types Certain breeds better adapted for specific purposes Diverse and distinct horse breeds

Types of Horses Thoroughbreds Quarter Trotters Pacers Riding Horse Saddle Walking Stock Polo Hunters Jumpers Ponies Race Horse Running Thoroughbreds Quarter Harness Trotters Pacers

Types of Horses Driving Horse Work Horse Heavy harness Fine harness Roadsters Ponies Work Horse Draft Wagon Exhibition

Classes, Breeds, and Types Height measured in hands Measurement taken from top of withers to the ground Hand = 4 inches

Classes, Breeds, and Types Classified depending on size, build, and use Light Ponies Warmbloods Draft

Light Horses American Paint Horse American Saddlebred Appaloosa Arabian Morgan Palomino Pinto Quarter Horse Standardbred Tennessee Walking Horse Thoroughbred

Light Horses 14-2 to 17 hands Primarily for: 900-1400 pounds Riding Driving Racing

American Paint Horse Light Horse Breed Origin – United States 14-1 to 16-2 hands Uses Stock Pleasure Show Racing

American Paint Horse Light Horse Breed Color – White with any other color Overo Tobiano Tovero

American Paint Horse Light Horse Breed Overo Predominantly white or dark No white crossing back between withers and tail Legs - One or all dark Tail - one color

American Paint Horse Light Horse Breed Tobiano Predominantly white or dark Spots distinct, round, or oval patterns extending down over the neck and chest Legs - all 4 white Tail - 2 colors

American Paint Horse Light Horse Breed Tovero Dark pigmentation around ears and mouth Chest and flank spots in varying sizes One or both eyes blue

American Saddlebred Horse Light Horse Breed Origin – Kentucky Color – Bay, brown, chestnut, gray, black, or golden 15 to 16 hands

American Saddlebred Horse Light Horse Breed Three gaited horses show: Walk Trot Canter Five gaited horses show: Slow gait The rack

American Saddlebred Horse Light Horse Breed Uses: Three gaited Five gaited Pleasure Stock Fine harness

Appaloosa Light Horse Breed Origin – Idaho, Oregon, and Washington Descended from Central Asia First bred by Nez Perce Indians

Appaloosa Light Horse Breed Color – Variations and combinations of colors and spots Four distinguishable characteristics Coat pattern Mottled skin - speckled & blotchy pattern of pigmented & non-pigmented skin White sclera – area of the eye which encircles the iris Striped hooves

Appaloosa Light Horse Breed 14 to 15-2 hands Uses: Stock Pleasure Race Parade Hunters Jumpers

Arabian Light Horse Breed Origin – Saudi Arabia Color – Bay, gray, chestnut some white and black White marks common on head and legs

Arabian Light Horse Breed 14-2 to 15-2 hands Dish face - Most distinguishable characteristic Uses: Saddle, show, stock, pleasure, racing, endurance races, competitive trail rides

Morgan Light Horse Breed Origin – Vermont Color – Bay, brown, chestnut Some black, palomino, buckskin, gray 14-2 to 16 hands

Morgan Light Horse Breed Stamina Docility Beauty Courage Longevity

Morgan Light Horse Breed Uses: Saddle Stock Harness

Palomino Light Horse Breed Origin – United States Spanish descent Color – Golden with light colored mane and tail No more than 15% dark or chestnut hair in either mane or tail

Palomino Light Work Horse 14-2 to 16 hands Type desired depends on intended use

Palomino Light Work Horse Uses: Parade Stock Pleasure Saddle Fine Harness

Pinto Light Work Horse Origin – United States Spanish Conquistadors Color – White with any other color Tobiano Overo Color breed rather than type breed

Pinto Light Horse Breed Uses: Hunters Polo Mounts Racing Saddle horses Stock horses

Quarter Horse Light Horse Breed Origin – United States Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas Color – Gray, black ,bay, sorrel, chestnut, brown, buckskin, palomino, dun, grullo, red dun, blue roan, and red roan

Quarter Horse Light Horse Breed 15 to 16 hands Well muscled Powerfully built Most versatile of all breeds

Quarter Horse Light Horse Breed First breed native to United States Uses: Stock Racing Pleasure Hunting Jumping

Standardbred Light Horse Breed Origin – United States Color – Bay, brown, black Some chestnut, gray, roan, dun 15 to 16 hands

Standardbred Light Horse Breed Developed for harness racing Important requirements Pleasing conformation Style Quality

Standardbred Light Horse Breed Uses: Racing Trotting Pacing Show

Tennessee Walking Horse Light Horse Breed Origin – Tennessee Color – Sorrel, chestnut, roan, black, white, golden, gray, bay, brown 14-3 to 17 hands

Tennessee Walking Horse Light Horse Breed Three easy riding gaits Flat-foot walk Running walk Canter Natural, inherited characteristics

Tennessee Walking Horse Light Horse Breed Uses: Pleasure Plantation Walking Show

Thoroughbred Light Horse Breed Origin – England Developed as a running horse 15 to 16-2 hands

Thoroughbred Light Horse Breed Color – bay, brown, chestnut, sorrel, black gray White markings on face and legs Conformation emphasizes factors contributing to racing and sports

Thoroughbred Light Horse Breed Uses: Race Saddle Hunting Jumping Polo mounts

Ponies Pony of the Americas Miniature Horse Shetland Pony Welsh Pony

Ponies Under 14-2 hands Less than 900 pounds

Miniature Horse Pony Origin – England Color – Any color, marking patterns, or eye color Height – no more than 34 inches

Miniature Horses Pony Uses: First used to pull ore carts in coalmines Pets Show First used to pull ore carts in coalmines

Pony of the Americas Pony Origin – Mason City, Iowa Color – Very similar to Appaloosa Several color patterns acceptable 46-54 inches

Pony of the Americas Pony Conformation between Quarter Horse and Arabian Uses: Juniors who have outgrown Shetlands but not ready for a horse

Shetland Pony Pony Origin – Shetland Isles Color – Any color, solid, or mixed Height classes Under 43 inches 43-46 inches

Shetland Pony Pony Long, shaggy outer coat during winter Full mane and tail One of oldest breeds in existence

Shetland Pony Pony Uses: Children Harness Racing Roadster

Welsh Pony Pony Origin – Wales Color – Gray, roan, black, brown, bay chestnut Some white and dun

Welsh Pony Pony Height – Two Divisions Weight “A” – Cannot exceed 12-2 hands “B” – Over 12-2 but not more than 14-2 Weight “A” – Less than 500 pounds “B” – 500 to 900 pounds

Welsh Pony Pony Uses: Children Harness racing Trail riding Parades

Warmblood Horses American Warmblood Hanoverian Holsteiner Trakehner

Warmblood Horses 15-1 to 17 hands 1200 to 1600 pounds

Warmblood Horses Primarily for sporting competitions Dressage Driving Hunting Jumping Three-day events

Warmblood Horses Combination of “hot blooded” (Arabians and Thoroughbreds) crossed with “cold blooded” (draft) Do not have closed studbooks Official record of the pedigree or ancestry of purebreds Outside blood is not allowed into gene pool

American Warmblood Warmblood Breed Origin – United States Color – Any color Preferably solid with few white markings 16-17 hands

American Warmblood Warmblood Uses: Dressage Driving Jumping Three-Day eventing

Hanoverian Warmblood Origin - Germany Color – Solid color (bay, chestnut, gray) Excessive white not desired 16 – 17 hands

Hanoverian Warmblood Noble horse Cooperative temperament Elastic gaits Outstanding ability in international equestrian disciplines

Hanoverian Warmblood Uses: Dressage Driving Jumping Three-day eventing

Holsteiner Warmblood Origin – Province of Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany Color – Bay Few or no white markings 16 to 17 hands

Holsteiner Warmblood Relaxed and willing temperament Good character and eagerness to work Carries head in beautiful arch Excellent jumping ability

Holsteiner Warmblood Uses: Dressage Driving Jumping Three-day eventing

Trakehner Warmblood Origin – Trakehner, East Prussia Color – Solid color (bay, chestnut, sorrel, gray) without excessive white markings 15-3 to 16-3 hands

Trakehner Warmblood Originally developed for Prussian Army “Floating trot” Excellent balance Excels in dressage

Trakehner Warmblood Introduced to North America in 1957 Uses: Dressage Hunting Jumping Three-day eventing

Draft Horses Belgian Clydesdale Percheron Shire

Draft Horses 14-2 to 19 hands More than 1400 pounds Primarily for heavy work and exhibition

Belgian Draft Breed Origin – Belgium Color – Chestnut, sorrel Some roans and bays 15-2 to 17 hands

Belgian Draft Breed Size Known for draftiness Widest Deepest Most compact massive Lowest set draft breed

Belgian Draft Breed Most numerous draft breed Docile Quiet Gentle

Belgian Draft Breed Uses: Exhibition Special Attractions Farm Work

Clydesdale Draft Breed Origin – Scotland Color – Bay Some black, brown, chestnut, and roan 4 white socks Well-defined blaze or bald face

Clydesdale Draft Breed Size – Medium Draft breed 16-2 to 18 hands Superior style and action Heavy feathering of feet Fringe of hair around foot just above the hoof

Clydesdale Draft Breed Uses: Exhibition Special attractions Farm work

Percheron Draft Breed Origin – France Color – Most common: black or gray Some chestnut and roan Size – Intermediate Between Clydesdale and Belgian

Percheron Draft Breed 16-2 to 17-3 hands Extremely docile Clean-cut head

Percheron Draft Breed Uses: Mated with Thoroughbreds Exhibition purposes Special attractions Farm Work Mated with Thoroughbreds Produce hunters and jumpers

Shire Draft Breed Origin – England Color – Black, brown, gray, chestnut/sorrel Undesirable: Excessive white markings roaning

Shire Draft Breed Size – Large Matched in weight only by Belgian 16-2 to 17-1 hands War horses in 15th and 16th centuries

Shire Draft Breed Uses: Exhibition purposes Special attractions Farm work

Summary Breed Common origin Possess certain well-fixed, distinctive, uniformly, transmitted characteristics not common to other horses

Summary Classified as: Light Ponies Warmbloods Draft

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