Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Chapter 4: Displaying and Describing Categorical Data Business Statistics First Edition by Sharpe, De Veaux, Velleman Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following always displays percentages rather than counts? Frequency table Bar chart Relative frequency table Contingency table Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following always displays percentages rather than counts? Frequency table Bar chart Relative frequency table Contingency table Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When preparing a chart we must follow the area principle because percentages do not add up to 100%. a flashy display helps to make a point. we want to draw attention to large areas. we want to avoid misrepresentation and distortion. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When preparing a chart we must follow the area principle because percentages do not add up to 100%. a flashy display helps to make a point. we want to draw attention to large areas. we want to avoid misrepresentation and distortion. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following gives the best visual of how a whole group is partitioned into several categories? Bar chart Frequency distribution Pie chart Contingency table Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following gives the best visual of how a whole group is partitioned into several categories? Bar chart Frequency distribution Pie chart Contingency table Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The following is a breakdown of TV viewers during the Super Bowl in 2007. What percentage of viewers was male: 19.8% 47.5% 48.8% 27.7% Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The following is a breakdown of TV viewers during the Super Bowl in 2007. What percentage of viewers was male: 19.8% 47.5% 48.8% 27.7% Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4- 9 9
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The following is a breakdown of TV viewers during the Super Bowl in 2007. What percentage of viewers watched the commercials only? 8.0% 23.5% 58.2% 27.7% Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The following is a breakdown of TV viewers during the Super Bowl in 2007. What percentage of viewers watched the commercials only? 8.0% 23.5% 58.2% 27.7% Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4- 11 11
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The following is a breakdown of TV viewers during the Super Bowl in 2007. Of the viewers who did not watch the Super Bowl, what percentage was male? 45.2% 48.8% 26.8% 27.7% Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The following is a breakdown of TV viewers during the Super Bowl in 2007. Of the viewers who did not watch the Super Bowl, what percentage was male? 45.2% 48.8% 26.8% 27.7% Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4- 13 13
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. In a contingency table, when the distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of another, we say the variables are separate. independent. distinct. dependent. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. In a contingency table, when the distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of another, we say the variables are separate. independent. distinct. dependent. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following would be the best visual for displaying conditional distributions? Area chart Segmented bar chart Side by side chart Cross tabulation Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following would be the best visual for displaying conditional distributions? Area chart Segmented bar chart Side by side chart Cross tabulation Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Combining percentages inappropriately across categories in a contingency table can yield absurd results. This is known as Simpson’s Paradox. Paradoxical Percentages. Aristotle’s Paradox. Homer’s Paradox. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Combining percentages inappropriately across categories in a contingency table can yield absurd results. This is known as Simpson’s Paradox. Paradoxical Percentages. Aristotle’s Paradox. Homer’s Paradox. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.