Washington, Adams, & The New Nation Period 3: 1780-1800 Washington, Adams, & The New Nation

Reading Assignment #1 Articles of Confederation Ordinance of 1784 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 “Empire of Liberty” Shay’s Rebellion

Articles of Confederation First blueprint for a national government in the United States Written as soon as the Declaration of Independence was drafted Created a very weak national government Only one branch of government – legislative Each state had one vote All states had to agree to any amendments Placed power in the hands of the legislative branch and maintained property qualifications for voting and citizenship

Video: Shays’ Rebellion Take notes on the issues involved in this crisis

Reading Assignment #2 Large vs. small state debate Federalism Checks and balances Separation of Powers Limited government Popular sovereignty Individual Rights 3/5s clause The Preamble

Constitutional Convention is called in 1787 In total agreement to: Hold meetings in secret Trash the Articles and start over Debated the proper balance between liberty and order. Relied a great deal on the principle of natural rights as expressed in John Locke’s writings. Compromises: Representation in two houses of Congress (bicameral) House of Representation based on population Senate based on equal representation Commerce: Tariff on imports but not exports 3/5s: How to count slaves in the population count. The Northern and Southern states disagreed on each issue.

Reading Assignment #3 The Federalist Papers Anti-Federalists Bill of Rights Complete the attached chart. \\Filesvr1\StaffData\Staff1\EMeador\Bill of Rights Chart.docx

Complete the activity on the Federalists and the Anti-federalists Which quotes were written by a Federalist and which were written by an Anti-Federalist?

Reading Assignment #4 Hamilton’s Financial Plan Bank of the United States Report on Manufactures Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan “strict Constructionists” “loose Constructionists” Jefferson/Hamilton Compromise French Revolution Federalists and Republicans Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 Jay’s Treaty 1794 Proclamation of Neutrality Pinckney's Treaty

Washington’s Foreign Issues Continued presence of European powers in North America challenged The United States to find ways to protect its borders maintain neutral trading rights promote its economic interests. As the impact of the French Revolution (patterned after the American Revolution) spread throughout Europe the US was pressured to choose a side and join the fight Washington insisted that the U.S. stay out of the conflict. Proclamation of Neutrality Permanent alliance between France and the US complicated the issue.

Temporary Solution Rivalry between Britain and France shaped a great deal of early American history. Both nations began to impress our ships hoping to force the US to take a stand. Jay’s Treaty 1794 Jay was supposed to negotiate an agreement with Britain to stop impressment. Instead, Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier as they were supposed to have done in 1783. Created a public controversy Pinckney’s Treaty gives US access to the Mississippi River

Washington’s Domestic Issues Quickly stopped a tax rebellion in Pennsylvania (Whiskey Rebellion) proving the power of the new national government. Formation of the two party system. Federalists and Republicans Hamilton vs. Jefferson Adoption of Hamilton’s financial plan. Split between Hamilton and Jefferson nearly tanks the new nation. Increased newspaper circulation made more people aware of issues Beginnings of the stirrings for Women’s Rights.

Reading Assignment #5 Washington’s Farewell Address Election of 1796 XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 Virginia and Kentucky resolutions Haitian Revolution Quasi-War

Primary Document Read a portion of Washington’s Farewell Address and identify the things that he warns the American people about.

Election of 1796 Adams received 71 electoral votes to Jefferson’s 68 and became the next president. Jefferson felt he had been robbed. As per the constitution at that time Jefferson became Adams’ vice-president and the two did not work well together. Votes had been along section lines with the Northern ballots for Adams and the Southern for Jefferson. Adams was now the leader of a divided nation and had trouble throughout his presidency.

Adams Foreign issues Adams continued to deal with the European pressures that had faced Washington with American public opinion still supporting the French people. He sends American diplomats to France to negotiate a settlement concerning impressment. Diplomats are met by three French officials who demand a bribe before they will talk. (XYZ Affair) Opinion of France changes immediately as US and France remain in a “quasi-war) for the next two years.

Adams’ Domestic issues Adams increasingly becomes more and more paranoid concerning the opposition party (Republican) In an attempt to remove his opponents from power he sees to the issue of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 These two acts are serious violations of individual rights and will be eventually declared unconstitutional. The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions are issued that stress the “nullification theory” that the individual states have the power to nullify a federal law if they feel it is unconstitutional. Citizens begin to call for an end to slavery and the expansion of self-government to women and other minorities.

Reading Assignment #6 Paxton Boys Battle of Fallen Timbers Scots-Irish settlement Frontier vs. Tidewater Virginia California settlement in California

Regional Identities emerge As national political institutions developed in the new US varying regionally based positions on economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues promoted the development of political parties. The expansion of slavery in the lower South and adjacent western lands, and its gradual disappearance elsewhere, began to create distinctive regional attitudes toward the institution. Enlightenment ideas and women’s experiences in the movement for independence promoted an ideal of “republican motherhood” which called on white women to maintain and teach republican values within the family and granted women a new importance in American political culture.