DR UBAID.N.P COMMUNITY MEDICINE DEPT PARIYARAM MEDICAL COLLEGE OBESITY

Abnormal growth of the adipose tissue due to an enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or an increase in fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity) or a combination of both Overweight is usually due to obesity but can arise from other causes Android obesity and Gynoid obesity Spectrum of malnutrition

Epidemiological determinants Age Sex Genetic factors Physical inactivity Socio economic status Eating habits Psychosocial factors Familial tendency Endocrine factors Alcohol Smoking Education Ethnicity Drugs

Assessment of obesity 1. Body weight (i) Body Mass Index (Quetelets Index) = ClassificationBMIRisk of co morbidities Underweight<18.50Low Normal range Average Overweight≥25.00 Pre Obese25.00 – 29.99Increased Obese class I30.00 – 34.99Moderate Obese class II35.00 – 39.99Severe Obese class III≥ 40Very severe

(ii) Ponderal index = (iii) Brocca index = Height(cm) minus 100 (iv) Lorentz’s formula = (v) Corpulence index = This should not exceed 1.2

2. Skin fold thickness – Harpenden skin callipers 3. Waist circumference (WC) : Men (≥ 102 cm) and women (≥ 88 cm) Waist Hip ratio(WHR) : Men (>1) and Women(>0.85) 4. Others – total body water, total body potassium, total body density

Hazards of obesity a) Increased morbidity – hypertension, diabetes, gall bladder disease, heart disease, certain cancers and also; varicose vein, abdominal hernia, osteoarthritis, psychological etc, increased risk from surgery, lower fertility… b) Increased mortality

Prevention & Control Weight reduction!!!  Dietary changes  Increased physical activity  Others