Gonad Glands (testes & ovaries) Bradley Chatterton, Kyra Mackesy, Emily Egazarian, Allison Lee and Erin Pak Pd.2

Role & Function The production of steroid hormones.

Role and Function Organs that make gametes Gonads in males are the testes Gonads in females are the ovaries Gametes are haploid germ cells. In males they are spermatozoon and in the females they are the egg cells.

Location FEMALE Ovaries are on both sides of the uterus below the opening of the fallopian tubes MALE Testes hang in a pouch of skin called a scrotum outside the male body

Female Hormones Estrogen and Progesterone Steroid Hormone Controls the cyclic changes within the uterus Ripening and discharge of the egg to be fertilized Prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized egg This linings subsequent dismantling *All the events that occur as part of every women’s menstrual cycle*

Male Hormone Testosterone Steroid Hormone Occurs in men Stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Disease #1 DHT Deficiency Dihydrotestosterone Mutant gene inhibits the conversation of testosterone into DHT Testes don’t descend into the scrotum External genitalia is ambiguous Internally male Onset puberty  testosterone released

Disease #2 Hypogonadism Occurs when your sex glands produce little or no sex hormones Sex hormones help control sex characteristics Breasts and testicle development and pubic hair growth Play a role in menstrual cycle and sperm production In females: - Loss of menstruation - Hot flashes - Loss of body hair In males: - Breast enlargement - Decreased body hair - Muscle loss - Sexual issues

Fun Facts Females are born with all the eggs they will ever have. Males don't start to make sperm until puberty, and continue to make new supplies their whole life. Andropause is male menopause. It is the result of a gradual drop in testosterone. The testes hang away from the body in the scrotum because sperm needs to be kept a few degrees cooler than body temperature to function best.

Concept Check 1. The role of Gonads in males is to A) make egg cells B) make sperm cells C) help with hair growth D) protect organs 2. Name some symptoms of Hypogonadism in boys? In girls? 3. Name the hormones associated with gonad glands and which gonad they are produced in?

Answers B Girls: loss of menstration, hot flashes, sexual issues Boys: breast enlargement, decreased body hair, muscle loss, sexual issues Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. Testes and ovaries.

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