T UTORIAL OF U NIX C OMMAND & SHELL SCRIPT S 5027 Professor: Dr. Shu-Ching Chen TA: Samira Pouyanfar Spring 2015

O UTLINE Log in Unix Basic Commands Shell script 2

O UTLINE Log in Unix Basic Commands Shell script 3

H OW TO LOG IN Download putty from download.html download.html 4

C ONNECT TO THE SERVER The host is margay.cs.fiu.edu

L OG IN / A CCOUNT INFORMATION Account information Login as : Your FIU username Password : Your first initial + PantherID + Your last initial For exmaple, Steven Jackson with PID should have password s j 6

L OG IN IN M AC SYSTEMS Use the existing ssh tool in your mac called "Terminal" by following the steps: - Search for "Terminal" from spotlight, e.g., located on the upper right corner of your screen - Open Terminal - Connect to the server margay.cs.fiu.edu using following commands ssh replace hha001 with your fiu account - Type your password - Now, you are connected. 7

L OG IN IN M AC SYSTEMS 8

O UTLINE Log in Unix Basic Commands Shell script 9

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (1) ls : list the contents of your current directory. Format Options -a : list all the files include the hidden ones -l : list not only the files name but also the related info -t : list the contents by modified date ls [option] [directory][file] 10

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (2) File permission Field1 : A set of ten permission flags Field2 : link count Field3 : owner of the file Field4 : associated group of the file Field5 : size Field 6-8 : Last modification date Field9 : file name 11

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (3) chmod : change the permission flags of the files Format Example chmod g+w myfile chmod g-rw myfile chmod u=rw go= myfile chmod –R g+rw myfile chmod [option] [types][+/-][types of permission] filename 12

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (4) pwd : print out the current working directory cd : change directory cd. (.) means the current directory C(..) means the parent of current directory Cdcd with no argument will return you to your home directory cd. cd.. cd 13

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (5) cp : copy files Format Options -i : It can be used to avoid overwriting the original file -r : Copy the folder and all the files and subfolders under it. mv : move a file from one place to another or rename a file. Format cp [option] File1 File2 mv File1 File2 14

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (6) mkdir : making directory Format rm : remove files or directories Format Option -i : ask before actually delete -r : delete the folders and all the files and subfolders under it mkdir Directory_name rm [option] file1 file2 file3… 15

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILES (7) test : A command in Unix that evaluates conditional expressions. Format or The functions will return true if the object exist or the condition specified is true. File functions -d Filename : Filename is a directory -s Filename : Filename has a size greater than 0 -f Filename : Filename is a regular file test expression[ expression ] 16

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILE ’ S CONTENTS (1) cat : display the contents of a file on the screen Format head : display the first ten lines of a file to the screen Format tail : display the last ten lines of a file to the screen Format cat file1 head –n file1 tail –n file1 17

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C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILE ’ S CONTENTS (2) wc : word count Format Options -w : find out how many words the file has -l : find out how many lines the file has wc [options] file 19

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILE ’ S CONTENTS (3) grep : It searches files for the specified words or patterns. Format: Options: -c : Display the number of columns which satisfied the pattern. -i : Ignore case distinctions in both the PATTERN and the input files. -v : Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines. grep [options] [pattern] file 20

Pipe : It cause the execution of multiple processes from one single line A | B | C 21

C OMMANDS ABOUT F ILE ’ S CONTENTS (4) Redirection > and >> can be used on the output of most commands to direct their output to a file. Examples 22

C OMMANDS ABOUT T EXT PROCESSING (1) sort : sort lines of a text file or files Default : sort without any option will sort the file alphabetically Format uniq : remove duplicate adjacent lines from sorted file. sort [option] file 23

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C OMMANDS ABOUT T EXT PROCESSING (2) sed: One ultimate stream editor Detail Tutorial : Important function -> Substitution Format : sed 's/term1/term2/g‘ filename 25

C OMMANDS ABOUT T EXT PROCESSING (3) cut : extract sections from each line of a file. Format Option -c : character -f : field -d “:” : delimiter (default is a tab) Range N-M N- -M cut [options] [range] filename 26

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O UTLINE Log in Unix Basic Commands Shell script 28

S HELL SCRIPT INTRO (1) Scripts are collections of commands that are stored in a file. Detail Tutorial Basic Vi commands vim filename i : switch to the editing(insert) mode Esc +:q! Leave the vim program without saving the file Esc +:w Save the file Esc +:wq Save the file and leave the vim program 29

S HELL SCRIPT INTRO (2) First shell script Note that to make a file executable, you must set the eXecutable bit, and for a shell script, the Readable bit must also be set. 30

S HELL SCRIPT INTRO (3) Variable 31

S HELL SCRIPT INTRO (4) IF LOOP 32

S HELL SCRIPT INTRO (5) For Loop 33

S HELL S CRIPT I NTRO (6) Useful concept $( commands) 34