Organizational Design, Diagnosis, and Development Session 13 Organizational Diagnosis, III Survey Feedback & Design of Interventions

Objectives To understand how data collection and feedback can be used to change behavior in organizations To examine the data collection - feedback cycle To consider steps in feed back data To survey various interventions and data needed for their design

MEASUREMENT GENERATES ENERGY Focuses energy on area of data collection Sanctions and rewards are implied Evaluation enhances performance Explicit rewards may be offered Measurement can be counter productive –leads to inaccurate or no information –leads to misdirected energy

FEEDBACK Defined -- information regarding actual performance or the results of the activities of a system. Enables correction of errors Not automatic in a social system OD function can facilitate the feedback process

HOW DATA COLLECTION EFFECTS BEHAVIOR data collectionperceived accuracy power group’s involvement motivation perceptions of data productive behavior unproductive behavior

FEEDBACK MODEL InputProcessOutput Feedback

MOTIVATING EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK Through disconfirmation Through intrinsic reward expectations Through external reward expectations Through cueing Through learning

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Powerful groups need to be included and employees need to perceive this. Data must not be used in a punitive fashion Perception of data must be as accurate and valid Feedback has to be used in a constructive fashion

DATA COLLECTION FEEDBACK CYCLE Planning to use data Collecting data Analyzing data Feeding back data Following - up

EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK Relevant Understandable Descriptive Verifiable Limited Controllable Comparative

FEEDBACK MEETINGS Process issues Validating data Accepting responsibility Problem solving

APPROACHES TO FEEDBACK MEETINGS Family group Survey guided Subordinate group Peer group Intergroup

EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS Readiness for change Capability for change Cultural context Abilities of the change agent

HISTORICAL DATA Background of the organization Immediate circumstances of the problem

STRUCTURAL DATA Formal organization (chart, job descriptions Goals Tasks Technology & environment Financial & personnel information Policies & procedures

FUNCTIONAL DATA Communication systems Organizational knowledge -- how do you get it Organizational culture & climate Reward systems

ATTITUDINAL DATA Leadership Coworkers Customers Work & Organization Competition Suppliers Host community Regulatory bodies

RELATIONAL DATA Time -- view of past, present, future Meaning of work Authority & power Key people & groups

STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS Necessary data –historic –structural –functional –attitudinal –relational

TECHNO-STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS Necessary data –historic –structural –functional

HUMAN RESOURCE INTERVENTIONS Necessary data –functional –attitudinal –relational

HUMAN PROCESS INTERVENTIONS Necessary data –attitudinal –functional –relational

Backwards & Forwards Summing up - Today’s session reviewed how to use survey feedback to influence change and the techniques of collecting and feeding back survey data. As a preview for considering interventions, we examined appropriate data for varying types of interventions. Looking ahead - Next time we consider the management of change.