Research4Life Programmes/ E-Resources Overview (Basic Course: Module 1)

Table of Contents  Background – Research4Life Programmes (HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI)  Research4Life Do’s and Don’t’s  Technical Requirements for HINARI  E-Resources  Types of Journals  Journal Impact Factor

Goals of Research4Life Programmes (R4L) To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced articles and journals Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015

Primary Target Audiences Eligible categories of institutions are: national universities professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry) research institutes teaching hospitals government: ministries and agencies national medical libraries locally based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

Who is eligible for R4L Programmes

Eligibility ( ) 1.Countries, areas, or territories with a total GNI above US$ 1 trillion are not eligible for HINARI regardless of other factors 2. Core Offer Group A - Free Access All countries, areas, or territories fulfilling any of the below criteria: a. UN Least Developed Country List and/or b. Human Development Index (HDI) is at or less than 0.50 and/or c. Total Gross National Income (GNI) is at or less than US$ 150 billion where: 1. HDI is at or less than 0.63 and/or 2. Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc) is at or less than US$ 1600

3. Core Offer Group B - Fee access with $1500 annual fee per institution: a. Total GNI is at or less than US$ 1 billion and/or b. Total GNI is at or less than US$ 20 billion where GNIpc is at or less than US$10,000 and/or c. Total GNI is at or less than US$ 180 billion where: 1. HDI is at or less than 0.67 and/or 2. GNIpc is at or less than US$ 5000

Partners Key Publishers Elsevier Springer Wiley Sage Taylor & Francis Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins BioOne Oxford University Press Nature Publishing Other science/technical/ medical publishers P Programme Partnersartners World Health Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations United Nations Environment Programme World Intellectual Property Organization International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers Yale University Library Cornell University Mann Library National Library of Medicine Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa Librarians Without Borders®/MLA

30 publishers: Online portal to access information on health and related social sciences Coordinated by WHO and Yale University Currently, more than 5700 registered institutions 500 publishers offering up to 14,000 journals / 33,000 books / 90 other information resources / 500 publishers' content included [January 2015] HINARI (HINARI Access to Research Initiative)

30 publishers:

AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) Online portal to access information on agriculture and related sciences Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA More than 2800 registered institutions Up to 5,700 journals / 4,100 books / 20 other information resources / 250 publishers' content included [January 2015]

30 publishers: OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) Online portal to access environmental information Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University More than 2800 registered institutions Up to Over 5,700 journals / 15,000 books / 50 other information resources / 130 publishers' content included [January 2015]

30 publishers: ARDI (Access to Research for Development and Innovation ) Online portal to access development and innovation research; ARDI was launched by the World Intellectual Property Organization in 2009 and joined R4L in 2011 Supports researchers in developing countries in creating and developing new solutions to technical challenges faced on a local and global level More than 300 registered institutions. Up to 4,000 journals; 18,000 books; 30 publishers [January 2015]

R4L Resources Usage: Do Share Institution’s R4L usernames and passwords with: Authorized Users: an institution’s employee, permanent or visiting faculty or student Walk-in Users: anyone who comes to the institution’s premises and is permitted by the institution to access services there Note: Access from remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution

Copyright and Fair Use Is the same as typical copyright and fair use principles; it is OK to: Download or print up to 15% of a journal issue or book Use material for educational purposes (course packs or reserves) Make copies for institution members or students Note: Always credit sources

Abuse of Privileges: Do Not Share usernames and passwords with those from outside the institution Supply documents to individuals or organizations outside the registered institution Charge a fee for supplying documents except to recover cost of printing Use R4L programmes when outside the country

Do Not (continued) Upload or post the material to a publicly available website or elsewhere Post usernames and passwords to websites or blogs that are publically accessible Note: Violations result in the institution or possibly entire country denied access until the problem is resolved. If your institution’s password does not work for several days, it may have been compromised. DO NOT REGISTER AGAIN. Report this to and always including your UserID.

Internet Requirements for HINARI 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required. A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads. Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate. Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 5.0 or Mozilla Firefox 17.0 or any version of Google Chrome

Java You will need Java to view some articles especially in HINARI Java can be downloaded for FREE from the following website:

Why Use E-Resources? An up-to-date resource Convenience Extra features—e.g. search facilities, links to other databases, supplementary information Access to a wider range of material than might otherwise be available within the local medical library

Electronic Journal Formats Full-text/whole journal available –Electronic version of print –Electronic only Partial full-text/selected articles only Table of contents/citations/abstracts only Citations only

Types of Electronic Journals Academic –Refereed journals –Review journals –Bulletins Non-academic –Magazines –Newspapers

Refereed journals Example: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Used to: disseminate research findings find out about research by others in your field identify methodologies for your own work Features written by researchers and experts aimed at researchers and experts articles always cite sources peer reviewed Strengths/weaknesses high-quality, reliable information may be slow to be published due to review process often fee-based access/may be available via HINARI

Review journals Example: Reviews in Clinical Gerontology Features: reviews give an overview of the current literature in a specific research area or discipline titles usually contain ‘Review’, ‘Reviews’, ‘Advances in’, ‘Current opinion in’, ‘Progress in’, ‘Trends in’ have already done much of the literature searching for you may be available via HINARI

Bulletins Example: None – R4L Programmes have Peer Reviewed Journals and Bulletins do not qualify Used for: making announcements to a specific audience up-to-date information in a very specific area Features written by in-house staff, or staff writers may be issued as required, sometimes intermittently contain short reports Strengths/weaknesses very up-to-date standard very variable

Non-academic resources Magazines –entertainment, information about popular culture, product information –easy to read, entertaining, information is lightweight and not always reliable Newspapers –up-to-the minute information, current affairs, debate –can be valuable sources of certain kinds of information but inherent problems of all newspapers

Journal Impact Factor calculated yearly for journals indexed in Thomson’s Journal Citation Reports is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to articles published in science and social science journals used as a measure for the relative importance of a journal within its field; journals with higher impact factors are deemed to be more important than those with lower ones #s vary widely among fields; the ‘narrower’ the field, the lower the impact factor of journals tends to be

Impact Factor for a 2010 journal Is the average number of times published papers ‘are cited’ up to two years after publication A = the number of times articles published in were cited in indexed journals during 2010 B = the number of ‘citable items’ published in within a discipline; citable items are usually articles, reviews, proceedings, or notes; not editorials or Letters-to-the-Editor impact factor 2010 = A/B ( published in 2011)

Journal Impact Factor - Issues percentage of total citations occurring in the first two years after publication varies highly by discipline (higher in biological sciences) citations to an article often are made in papers written by the author(s) of the original article journal can adopt editorial policies that increase its impact factor e.g. editorials (not citable) vs. short original articles (citable); plus review articles are cited more often Impact Factor scores can ‘influence’ promotion and tenure at universities throughout the world

This is the end of the HINARI Basic Course Module 1 There are no exercises for this part of the course. Updated