3n. SOL Review Civil Rights (VUS.13a-b)

1. Which court case led to the desegregation of public schools, and replaced the “separate but equal doctrine” by stating that “separate but equal is … unequal?” A. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas B. Dred Scott v. Sanford C. M.L. King, Jr. v. Virginia D. Plessy v. Ferguson

1. A Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Remember: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) = “separate but equal,” segregation is o.k. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) = “separate but equal is…unequal,” segregation is illegal

2. Which does not describe Virginia’s reaction to the desegregation of its public schools? A. Massive resistance, including closing some schools B. Establishment of private academies (schools) to teach white children C. It accepted the Supreme Court’s decision as being the law of the land D. There was a flight of white students from urban school systems to the suburban and rural schools

2. C It accepted the Supreme Court’s decision as being the law of the land Virginia, and other southern states, opposed the Brown decision. It felt that education was a state, and not a federal, matter.

3. Which NAACP lawyer argued the Brown case before the Supreme Court? A. Martin L. King, Jr. B. W.E.B. DuBois C. Clarence Thomas D. Thurgood Marshall

3. D Thurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall would go on to become the first African- American to serve as a U.S. Supreme Court Justice (Judge).

4. Which NAACP’s legal defense team lawyer was active in Virginia? A. Ida Wills B. Thurgood Marshall C. Oliver Hill D. John Marshall

4. C Oliver Hill You are already familiar with John Marshall and Thurgood Marshall. Ida Wills was an anti-lynching activist. Oliver Hill was an NAACP lawyer.

5. Martin L. King, Jr.’s 1963 “March on Washington” was a massive non-violent demonstration that helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation. Which of the following quotes came out of that demonstration? A. “…a New Deal for the American people” B. “…separate but equal is inherently unequal” C. “I have a dream” D. “…ask not what you can do for your country…”

5. C “I have a dream” “…a New Deal...” = FDR “separate but equal…unequal” = Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas “…ask not…” = John F. Kennedy

6. What law prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, or gender; it also desegregated public accommodations (hotels and restaurants)? A. Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. The decision in the Brown case C. The 14th amendment D. Voting Rights Act of 1965

6. A Civil Rights Act of 1964 This question is almost always on the SOL test. Desegregation of hotels and restaurants Segregation = keeping the races apart Integration and desegregation = mixing the races together

7. Which of the following does not apply to the Voting Rights Act of 1965? A. Outlawed the poll tax in federal elections B. Outlawed literacy tests C. Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters D. The act resulted in an increase in African- American voters

7. A Outlawed the poll tax in federal elections The poll tax (a tax you have to pay in order to vote) was made illegal by a different law.

8. Who was the President of the U.S., who encouraged the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965? A. John Kennedy B. Lyndon Johnson C. Richard Nixon D. Gerald Ford

8. B Lyndon Johnson Kennedy was not a powerful enough President to push through such laws. Neither Nixon nor Ford were actively involved in major civil rights legislation.

9. The most important of the Black civil rights organizations is: A. ACLU and NCAA B. Black Muslims C. NAACP D. UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association)

9. C NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

10. In the court case Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled against: A. Affirmative action B. Desegregation C. Integration D. Segregation

10. D Segregation Affirmative action = racial preference, in order to correct past discrimination

11. Martin L. King, Jr. tried to increase the American public’s awareness of the plight of civil rights by: A. Using urban violence B. Using civil disobedience and non-violence C. Taking the problem to the United Nations D. Confining his efforts to the South

11. B Using civil disobedience and non-violence King was influenced by the actions of Henry David Thoreau and Ghandi.

12. Which Amendment gave African-American males the right to suffrage? A. 13th B. 14th C. 15th D. 19th

12. C Fifteenth 13th amendment = freed the slaves 14th amendment = Black citizenship and protected rights 19th = women’s suffrage suffrage = right to vote

13. Discrimination is not limited to acts against African-Americans. Which ethnic group was interned in concentration camps in America during the 1940’s? A. Chinese B. Indians C. Germans D. Japanese

13. D Japanese-Americans Although anger over the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the resultant distrust of Japanese-Americans were the main reasons for sending Japanese-Americans to resettlement camps, racism was also a contributing factor.

This is the end of the SOL review of Civil Rights.