BCT 100 Overview of the Construction Industry
Structural Failure (continued) Strength of Materials Failure Engineering / Design Error Poor Construction Unauthorized Substitution Loadings Applied that were not Considered
Three Examples John Hancock Tower, Boston Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City Citicorp Tower, New York City
John Hancock Tower, Boston Pei Cobb Freed Associates, Architects
Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City
Citicorp Tower, New York City
Photo with plywood for windows
Kansas City Hyatt Regency, 1981
1. Undersized Structural Members
Kansas City Hyatt Regency, Substitution of Design without Check
Citicorp Tower in NYC
Citicorp Tower in NYC sits on four huge columns that are not at the corners
Citicorp Tower in NYC. Every eight floors is supported by a huge truss.
Citicorp Tower Under Construction Note the Truss Construction on the Tower Shaft
The Engineer, William LeMessurier
Catastrophic Structural Failure
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA Galloping Gertie
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA Opening Day Ceremony
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA High Winds Cause Oscillation in the Bridge Deck
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA High Winds Cause Oscillation in the Bridge Deck
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA Bridge Design Magnifies Oscillation. Bridge Tears Itself Apart
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Exterior Glass Cladding
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure Section thru Terminal Building
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure
Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure
L’Ambiance Plaza, Bridgeport, CT
Structural Failure usually occurs surprisingly quickly
Slight changes in design or installation can mean the difference between success and….
Structural Collapse
Hartford Coliseum, Hartford CT Roof Collapse
Hartford Coliseum, Hartford CT Roof Collapse
B and O Railway Roundhouse Roof Collapse due to snow load
Understanding prevailing winds and snow loading
Ice Accumulation on a telecommunications tower in Kansas
Snow and Ice Damage on a smaller scale
Water Infiltration as a demolition tool
Minneapolis MI Freeway Bridge
Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This
Who said “Just Put it Up There”
Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This Demolition Workers Caused This
Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This Demolition Workers Caused This
If Given Options, Consider Where You Build
Don’t Be Afraid to Second Guess your Design Team and Ask Questions MGM Grand Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada No Sprinkler System Installed. 85 Dead, Hundreds Injured
Don’t Be Afraid to Second Guess your Design Team and Ask Questions MGM Grand Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada No Sprinkler System Installed. 85 Dead, Hundreds Injured
Some Building Collapses are intentionally engineered Las Vegas Seems to Do This on a Regular Basis
Desert Inn Hotel, Las Vegas Nevada
The Sands Hotel, Las Vegas Nevada
The Stardust Hotel, Las Vegas Nevada
Intentional Demolition is also used as a weapon
Oklahoma City, OK 1995 Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building destroyed by Terrorists
World Trade Center, NYC
Light Weight Steel Trusses and Decking Supported the Floors in the World Trade Center, NYC
Light Weight Steel Trusses and Decking Supported the Floors in the World Trade Center, NYC
Earthquake Damage, San Francisco, CA 1906
Mind the Gap
San Francisco, CA Earthquake Piles of Bricks are from Cornice Collapse
Earthquake Damage, San Francisco, CA