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Texas History Spring semester examination review

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction

secede To withdraw from something, such as a nation

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln The president of the United States during the Civil War

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin in 1793

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction abolitionist A person who wanted to end slavery

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction slavery The idea that one person can own another person

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction States’ rights The idea that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction blockade The closing of a port by positioning ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction reconstruction The federal government’s plan to restore the South to the Union after the Civil War

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction sharecropper A farm worker who works someone else’s land and pays for its use by giving the landowner a share of the crops grown

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction amendment Formal change to a document

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction Freedmen’s Bureau Protected newly freed slaves from violence and black codes Provided food, healthcare, jobs, and schools

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction Black Codes Severely limited the rights of African Americans

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What is significant about the Constitution of 1876? It is still the constitution Texas uses today. It limited the power of the governor

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What did the cotton gin do? How did the cotton gin increase the number of slaves in the south? Made it easier to separate the seeds from the bolls Made cotton farming more profitable allowing plantation owners to plant more cotton creating a “need” for more slaves

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What was the economy of Texas like during Reconstruction? It was growing

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What was the Kansas Nebraska Act? Gave people of Kansas and Nebraska the right to decide if their states would allow slavery (went against the Missouri Compromise of 1820)

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What were the 4 causes of the Civil War? sectionalism States’ rights slavery Tariffs (taxes)

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What were some of the disadvantages the south had during the war and what were some of the advantages of the North during the war? South ~ fewer soldiers ~ fewer weapons ~ b“locked” in North ~ more soldiers ~ trained soldiers ~ more supplies ~ manufacturing

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What happened to Abraham Lincoln in 1865? John Wilkes Booth assassinated (killed) him.

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction What did Texas have to do to rejoin the Union after the war? Set up temporary governments End slavery Declare secession illegal Adult white males had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.

Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction How were African Americans’ rights limited and protected during Reconstruction? Black Codes limited Freedmen’s Bureau helped to protect

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier

treaty A formal agreement between two nations

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier quarantine To isolate or separate to prevent the spread of disease

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier vaqueros Spanish cowboys

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier Joseph Glidden Invented barbed wire

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier Buffalo Soldiers African American soldiers who helped fight against the Native Americans

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier Why did ranchers brand cattle? To show ownership

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier What ended cattle drives? Railroad Fencing Goat ranching Other states refused to allow Texas cattle in

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier How did the Civil War change the cattle industry in Texas? Union soldiers went home asking for beef

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier What were two methods that the U.S. government used to force Native Americans onto the reservations? promise to feed and supply the Indians on the reservations Killing the buffalo

Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier Why did the defense along the frontier weaken during the Civil War? Soldiers went to fight during the war

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s

irrigation An artificial way to supply water to land

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Commercial agriculture The growing of crops for sale in order to make a profit

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Cottonseed oil Oil from cottonseeds

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Tenant farmer Person who rents a plot of land from its owner and pays for its use with a share of the crop

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Open range Vast area of undeveloped public land held by the state government for future sale

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Cycle of debt Overproduction led to low prices =

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s What was the Big Die Up? What affect did it have on ranching? Thousands of cattle died at the fence line trying to escape harsh weather Marked beginning of modern ranching

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s How did the railroads affect farming and ranching in Texas? Faster to ship out of state Easier to reach markets in the east Easier to move into west Texas

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s What factors made it hard for tenant farmers? Overproduction Low prices Cycle of debt Couldn’t pay loans

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s What is the main cash crop in Texas? What is the 2 nd highest cash crop in Texas?

Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Explain the fence cutting wars. What did the Texas legislation do to end the Fence Cutting Wars? Fences cut off public roads and water supplies smaller farmers and ranchers became angry and cut through the fences to access these roads and water supplies Now a felony to cut a person’s fence