9/11 & 9/12 DO NOW: Take out homework assignment – I will check at your desk!!!! Agenda : 1) Effects and results of the First World War Notes 2) Review Effects and results of the First World War
What were the main long term causes of WWI? Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Industrial Revolution Growing Populations Empire Expansion
What were the main short term causes of WWI? Bosnian Crisis Balkan Wars Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Imperial Rivalry in Morocco July Crisis / Mobilizaton
What was the nature of the war from ? Schlieffen Plan Encirclement Invasion of Belgium Characteristics of war – technology / trench warfare / no mans land / stalemate / Battle of Somme Generals using tactics that were outdated
For what reasons did the US get involved in WWI? Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Sinking of the Lusitania May – boat war carrying 4000 cases of ammunition Zimmerman Telegram Russian Revolution
Why did Germany fail in WWI? Turkey (Ottoman Empire) defeated by Britain Austria defeated by Italy Allied naval blockade Arrival of American troops and equipment German high command lost confidence Woodrow Wilson offers peace plan
What impact did the war have in provoking resistance and revolution? David Lloyd George taking over in Britain Russian Revolution Russian troops leaving the front lines German navy refusing to take orders at the end of the war French ability and willingness to fight in WWII due to heavy casualties
Effects & Results of the First World War Millions of people died resulting in a dramatic effect on the nations involved and the people left behind Political boundaries changed Emergence of extreme right and left wing regimes Social changes – attitude in women Attitude toward humanity
What political and territorial changes resulted from the First World War Germany saw abdication of the Kaiser in Nov = establishment of first lasting republican democracy in Germany Russia experienced two revolutions = first communist state which would be led by Trotsky and Lenin and last until 1991 Austro – Hungarian Empire fell apart French Republic survived by faced instability British Empire survived but faced growing nationalism in its colonies
Europe Pre & Post WWI What major changes do these maps show? Do you think the territorial changes shown here were good for European stability?
Winners and Losers Countries with support of the victorious powers gained independence Poland Czechoslovakia New states of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, & Finland were freed from Russian control Southern slavs got a federation, dominated by Serbia called Yugoslavia Turkey lost lands to Arabia Italy gained some lands but not all Austria & Hungary became independent of one another Germany lost land in the east and Alsace & Lorraine Japan only found itself able to rule new territories it had gained in China
Changes Economic Trading routes were dislocated by war with its blockades Severe inflation – rise in prices Loss of men meant a shortage of labour Agriculture After war world needed to get back to a peacetime economy Agriculture had produced so much worldwide during the war but was not needed after the war leaving a gap Industry – heavy industry (steel production) at a peak during war…not needed after the war leading to high unemployment
Social Changes Women More women were needed for the workplace to keep up production levels Women gained confidence with greater participation in the national effort War brought freedom and mobility for women Idea of a fairer society Russian communism, Chinese Marxism, Nazi nationalism, and Italian fascism belief in a corporate state in which all classes and sectors of the economy work together