OBJECTIVE 4.01: RECOGNIZE BASIC TEXTILES USED IN INTERIORS

TEXTILES Any products made from fibers Clothes Carpets Upholstery Sheets.

FIBERS Raw, thin, hair-like materials Fibers come from either natural or manufactured sources. FIBERS NATURALMANUFACTURED

WOOL AND COTTON FIBERS

POLYESTER AND NYLON FIBERS

FIBERS ARE SPUN TO MAKE YARNS

YARNS ARE WOVEN OR KNITTED TO MAKE FABRIC

NATURAL FIBERS Natural fibers come from plants (CELLULOSIC) and animals (PROTEIN). NATURAL FIBERS PLANT: Cellulosic ANIMAL: Protein

CELLULOSIC FIBERS: PLANT SOURCES (COTTON, FLAX, RAMIE) Strengths Absorbent Strong Dyes well Seldom damaged by insects Weaknesses Burn easily Stained by mildew Yellow Low in elasticity Wrinkle easily Shrink in hot water.

COTTON Bed and bath linens Rugs Draperies Upholstery

FLAX PLANTS (LINEN) Tablecloths Kitchen towels Draperies Upholstery

RAMIE (WAS THE FABRIC USED TO WRAP MUMMIES!) Most commonly blended with other fibers to help produce a silky luster to the fabric’s appearance

PROTEIN FIBERS: ANIMAL SOURCES (SILK, WOOL) Strengths Burn slowly Good elasticity and resiliency Strong Lustrous Wrinkle resistant Weaknesses Need to be careful in cleaning (dry clean) Water spots easily Poor resistance to sunlight (silk) Eaten by moths (wool).

SILK – FILAMENTS ARE YARDS LONG!

WOOL

MANUFACTURED FIBERS (SYNTHETICS) Manufactured fibers are divided into 2 groups: cellulosic and non-cellulosic Both contain oil products and other chemicals Cellulosic also contains wood cellulose. Manufactured Fibers CellulosicNoncellulosic

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURED FIBERS Strengths Launder well Moth proof Non-allergenic Weakness Heat sensitive.

CELLULOSIC MANUFACTURED FIBERS (RAYON AND ACETATE) Strengths Drapes well Dyes easily Weaknesses Weak Poor resistance to abrasion.

NON-CELLULOSIC MANUFACTURED FIBERS (NYLON, POLYESTER, OLEFIN, ACRYLIC) Strengths Do not stretch or shrink Resists creases and abrasion Weaknesses Nonabsorbent Creates static electricity.

WEAVING FABRICS Weaving involves interlacing two systems of yarns at right angles to each other. Warp Yarn: lengthwise threads – up and down Weft Yarn: crosswise threads (filling yarns) – left to right.

PLAIN WEAVE Simplest weave Over 1, under 1.

PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS Basket Weave: Plain weave with multiple yarns Over 2, under 2.

PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS Ribbed Weave: Warp and weft yarns are different sized.

TWILL WEAVE Stronger than plain weaves Over 2, under 2. Each succeeding row begins one yarn above or below the last one Denim is the most common twill weave.

SATIN WEAVE The satin weave is smooth, slippery, and drapes well It is less durable than other weaves Over 4, under 1 Successive rows begin 2 rows away from the last.

JACQUARD WEAVE It is used for damask, tapestry, and brocade fabrics The over under pattern of the warp and weft yarns create a pattern in the fabric.

WEAVING SAMPLE YOU WILL NEED: 2 pieces of construction paper, each a different color 1 piece of CARDSTOCK METAL RULER TRIANGLE CUTTING MAT AND XACTO KNIFE or SCISSORS GLUE

STEP ONE: PAPER IN PORTRAIT VIEW Place ruler even with the top edge of the paper. Draw a line across the paper here RULER

STEP TWO Mark ½” increments on the line. Use the triangle to draw vertical lines. Start at the line HORIZONTAL LINEand cut to the bottom. Put glue across here, and attach to cardstock.

STEP THREE: PAPER IN LANDSCAPE VIEW Mark ½” increments. Use the triangle to draw vertical lines. Cut all the way across the paper. Weave according to your pattern.

NON-WOVEN FABRICS Knitted fabrics Bonded: Made by applying heat, moisture and pressure to fibers. Ex. Felt.

A PROTEIN SOURCE OFIS ANIMAL SKINS (LEATHER, FURS)

OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS 1.Grain – the direction the thread runs (crosswise or lengthwise) 2.Pile weave – have yarn loops or cut yarns that stand away from the base of the fabric. (Velvet, corduroy, terry cloth) 3.Nap – the fiber ends that stand up from the surface of fabric. Fabric looks different from different direction.

LAWS AND TEXTILES 1.Textile Fiber Products Identification Act: Fibers in a textile product must be labeled in order of predominance by weight. 2.Wool Products Labeling Act: Labels on wool products include the kind and amount of wool used, manufacturer, and country of origin. 3.Flammable Fabrics Act: Prohibits the sale of flammable fabrics. Many new flame-resistant finishes have been developed as a result of this law.