Thomas Hobbes British (1588-1679) Leviathan (1654) State of nature: “Life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
John Locke British (1632-1704) Social contract theory Man is reasoned and tolerant
Jean Jaques Rousseau Swiss political philosopher Father of the French Revolution The Social Contract (1762) “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
Political Theorists Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes Man is inherently evil Social Contract People forego their right to everything Agree to transfer their rights to one person --sovereign As long as the state provides peace the citizens MUST be loyal—do not have the right to resist the sovereign
John Locke All humans have the right to life, liberty, and property State is responsible for securing natural rights Citizens must be protected from the misuse of state power Separation of powers Legislative, Judicial, Executive Citizens can relieve officials from office if they violate the trust placed in them by the people
Jean Jacques Rousseau Citizens should have a positive claim to property Society’s property should be distributed equally Main concern is the freedom of the people Two conditions of government: All people treated equally in contract Must ensure differing interests do not exist by making sure everyone has the same amount of property
WHO SAID IT?? "The life of man, is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short."
WHO SAID IT?? I believe that the natural state is "a condition of war of everyone against everyone."
WHO SAID IT?? I believe people are equal and have the right to life, liberty, and property.
WHO SAID IT?? I support the idea of an absolute monarchy and total allegiance to the sovereign.
WHO SAID IT?? I believe people have the right to change the government if it doesn't best serve the people.
WHO SAID IT?? I believe everyone should own the same amount of property.
WHO SAID IT?? "All wealth is the product of labor."
WHO SAID IT?? Who believes government is necessary to prevent people from harming each other?
WHO SAID IT?? I believe that life in a state of nature is purer than in civilization.
WHO SAID IT?? My theory is what the United States' government is founded on.