Unit 5 Review

1. All of the terms listed are related to force except- Weight: mass with the force of gravity Triple beam balance: measuring mass * Spring scale: A spring balance measures the weight of an object Newton: unit used when measuring force

2. Gravity is-- Weight: the force on the object due to gravity Inertia: the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion Force: push or pull* Direction: north, south, east, west

3. Which is responsible for the planets staying in their orbit? Gravitational force between the planets and the sun * Empty space between the stars Weight of the planets Density of the planets

4. Venus has less mass than Earth 4. Venus has less mass than Earth. If a 50-gram object is taken from Earth to Venus, then-- The object’s mass will be more than 50 grams The object’s mass will be less than 50 grams The object’s weight will be more The object’s weight will be less * **mass does not take gravity into account** *weight will change depending on the amount of gravity* Greater mass of planet=greater gravitational force

5. As the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational attraction between the two objects-- Remains the same Increases Decreases * Becomes zero

6. An object is placed at each location in the table 6. An object is placed at each location in the table. At which location does the object have the greatest weight? Location in solar system Gravity at surface (Earth=1) Weight at Given Location (N) Sun 27.9 Mercury 0.37 Venus 0.88 Earth 1.00 100 Sun* Mercury Venus Earth

7. Compare and contrast the inner and outer planets 7. Compare and contrast the inner and outer planets. (separated by asteroid belt) INNER(Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) BOTH OUTER (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) Small terrestrial planets Spin slowly Spaced close together No rings Multiple space craft visitors Orbit the sun Gravitational attraction Huge Gas Giants Balls of gas with no surface Spaced apart Spin quickly Lots of Moons Rings All Outer Planets visited by one space craft (Voyager 2)

8. Most of the solar system is: Made up of the Sun: somewhere between 99.8 and 99.9 percent. The rest is split between the planets and their satellites, and the comets and asteroids and the dust and gas surrounding our star.

9. What is the name of the largest planet? Sun (star not a planet) Earth Mercury Jupiter **

10. What is the name of the star that is the center of our solar system? Betelgeuse Sun* Mira Polaris

11. Which of these planets is least like the other three? Mercury** inner planet Saturn :outer Uranus: outer Jupiter: outer

12. Compared to the other planets, the inner planets are-- Larger Closer together * Farther from the sun Farther from the earth INNER(Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) BOTH OUTER (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) Small terrestrial planets Spin slowly Spaced close together No rings Multiple space craft visitors Orbit the sun Gravitational attraction Huge Gas Giants Balls of gas with no surface Spaced apart Spin quickly Lots of Moons Rings All Outer Planets visited by one space craft (Voyager 2)

13. What is the fourth planet from the Sun? Earth Neptune Mars* Saturn My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

14. Neptune belongs at location-- w INNER PLANETS X OUTER PLANETS Z* Y

15. The Sun belongs at location-- w* INNER PLANETS X OUTER PLANETS Z Y

16. All of the following statements belong at Location Y except-- Travels around the Sun Ball shaped Smaller than the sun Outside the solar system**

17. Our planet belongs at location- w INNER PLANETS X* OUTER PLANETS Z Y

18. According to the data, which of these planets takes the longest amount of time to travel around the Sun (revolution) one time? Planet Average orbital speed (km/sec) Approximate length of one revolution Approximate length of one rotation Mercury 47.87 88 days 59 days Earth 29.79 365 days 24 hours Mars 24.13 1.9 years 25 days Saturn 9.66 29.5 years 10 hours Neptune 5.44 164.8 years 22 hours Mercury Mars Earth Saturn*

19. Which statement is supported by the data in the table? Planet Average orbital speed (km/sec) Approximate length of one revolution Approximate length of one rotation Mercury 47.87 88 days 59 days Earth 29.79 365 days 24 hours Mars 24.13 1.9 years 25 days Saturn 9.66 29.5 years 10 hours Neptune 5.44 164.8 years 22 hours The length of a revolution increases as the orbital speed decreases * The length of a rotation decreases as the length of the revolution decreases The orbital speed increases as the distance from the sun increases The approximate length of the rotation increases as the distance from the sun increases.

20. According to the data, which of these planets takes the shortest amount of time to spin on its axis (rotation) one time? Planet Average orbital speed (km/sec) Approximate length of one revolution Approximate length of one rotation Mercury 47.87 88 days 59 days Earth 29.79 365 days 24 hours Mars 24.13 1.9 years 25 days Saturn 9.66 29.5 years 10 hours Neptune 5.44 164.8 years 22 hours Mercury Earth Mars Neptune*

21. Which table correctly identifies the inner and outer planets? G* First 4: Mercury Venus Earth Mars: inner Last 4: Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune: outer Inner planets Outer planets Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn Earth Uranus Mars Neptune

22. Which layer of earth is composed mostly of the elements oxygen and silicon and contains the moving plates? Lithosphere

23. Which layer of the earth is composed mostly of solid iron (Fe)? Mantle Inner core** Crust Lithosphere

24. Which elements are most abundant in the outer core? Silicon and aluminum Hydrogen and lead Iron and nickel** Oxygen and hydrogen

25. Which two elements are most abundant in the crust? (use pie chart) Oxygen and silicon* Silicon and aluminum Aluminum and iron Iron and oxygen

26. Which statement best summarizes the elements in the Earth? Elements like gold, lead, and sodium are not found in the Earth. A limited number of elements make up most of the crust. ** Iron and silicon are more abundant than oxygen and aluminum. Elements other than oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron are more abundant.

27. Which layer of earth is least involved in plate tectonics? Asthenosphere (convection currents in the upper mantle cause plates to move) Inner core** Mantle (contains the asthenosphere) Lithosphere (bottom part of the crust)

28. What geologic event occurs when 2 plates collide or come together? Formation of ocean floor Formation of an island Formation of a mountain** Earthquake

29. What causes the plates to move? Density of the continental crust Temperature of the oceanic crust Thickness of earth’s layers Convection currents in the mantle**