Genetic and Environmental Influence on Intelligence

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Presentation transcript:

Genetic and Environmental Influence on Intelligence

Is it in the Genes? Heritability – extent to which intelligence test score variation can be attributed to genetic variation (Is it inherited?) Intelligence runs in families…Does that mean intelligence is inherited or fostered by our environment? The big question…AGAIN… What do you think would be the best way to test this?

Is it in the Genes? Twin & Adoption Studies Intelligence test scores of identical twins raised together are as similar as the same person taking the test twice Brain scans show identical twin brains are built and function similarly Some genes have been identified, but intelligence involves many genes and the combinations

Twin & Adoption Studies Does this chart support nature or nurture?

Or is it the environment? Twin & Adoption Studies Adoption enhances IQ scores of neglected children When environment is varied, environment is more predictive of scores (often occurs with less-educated parents)

What do you think? Twin & Adoption Studies Studies have compared biological/adoptive/ twins/not twins… Do you think kids become mentally more like their biological parents or their adoptive parents? Genetic influences, not environmental become more apparent with age

Environmental Influences Genes make a difference, but life experiences do too Early Environment Studies of impoverished orphanages showed extreme deprivation destroys native intelligence Low-economic schools often have less qualified teachers – leading to lower achievement scores Malnutrition also contributes to the decline No studies support any way to “fast forward” intellect Study compared Baby Einstein users to control group = no difference in word-learning

Environmental Influences Schooling and Intelligence Schooling does enhance later income College – study motivation and skills are as good as previous grades to determine academic achievement Motivation – when promised money for doing well, adolescents score higher on tests The brain is like any other muscle – it grows stronger as neuron connections grow